The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series (Jan 2025)
GRB 221009A: The B.O.A.T. Burst that Shines in Gamma Rays
- M. Axelsson,
- M. Ajello,
- M. Arimoto,
- L. Baldini,
- J. Ballet,
- M. G. Baring,
- C. Bartolini,
- D. Bastieri,
- J. Becerra Gonzalez,
- R. Bellazzini,
- B. Berenji,
- E. Bissaldi,
- R. D. Blandford,
- R. Bonino,
- P. Bruel,
- S. Buson,
- R. A. Cameron,
- R. Caputo,
- P. A. Caraveo,
- E. Cavazzuti,
- C. C. Cheung,
- G. Chiaro,
- N. Cibrario,
- S. Ciprini,
- G. Cozzolongo,
- P. Cristarella Orestano,
- M. Crnogorcevic,
- A. Cuoco,
- S. Cutini,
- F. D’Ammando,
- S. De Gaetano,
- N. Di Lalla,
- A. Dinesh,
- R. Di Tria,
- L. Di Venere,
- A. Domínguez,
- S. J. Fegan,
- E. C. Ferrara,
- A. Fiori,
- A. Franckowiak,
- Y. Fukazawa,
- S. Funk,
- P. Fusco,
- G. Galanti,
- F. Gargano,
- C. Gasbarra,
- S. Germani,
- F. Giacchino,
- N. Giglietto,
- M. Giliberti,
- R. Gill,
- F. Giordano,
- M. Giroletti,
- J. Granot,
- D. Green,
- I. A. Grenier,
- S. Guiriec,
- M. Gustafsson,
- M. Hashizume,
- E. Hays,
- J. W. Hewitt,
- D. Horan,
- T. Kayanoki,
- M. Kuss,
- A. Laviron,
- J. Li,
- I. Liodakis,
- F. Longo,
- F. Loparco,
- L. Lorusso,
- B. Lott,
- M. N. Lovellette,
- P. Lubrano,
- S. Maldera,
- D. Malyshev,
- A. Manfreda,
- G. Martí-Devesa,
- R. Martinelli,
- I. Martinez Castellanos,
- M. N. Mazziotta,
- J. E. McEnery,
- I. Mereu,
- M. Meyer,
- P. F. Michelson,
- N. Mirabal,
- W. Mitthumsiri,
- T. Mizuno,
- P. Monti-Guarnieri,
- M. E. Monzani,
- T. Morishita,
- A. Morselli,
- I. V. Moskalenko,
- M. Negro,
- R. Niwa,
- N. Omodei,
- M. Orienti,
- E. Orlando,
- D. Paneque,
- G. Panzarini,
- M. Persic,
- M. Pesce-Rollins,
- V. Petrosian,
- R. Pillera,
- F. Piron,
- T. A. Porter,
- G. Principe,
- J. L. Racusin,
- S. Rainò,
- R. Rando,
- B. Rani,
- M. Razzano,
- S. Razzaque,
- A. Reimer,
- O. Reimer,
- F. Ryde,
- M. Sánchez-Conde,
- P. M. Saz Parkinson,
- D. Serini,
- C. Sgrò,
- V. Sharma,
- E. J. Siskind,
- G. Spandre,
- P. Spinelli,
- D. J. Suson,
- H. Tajima,
- D. Tak,
- J. B. Thayer,
- D. F. Torres,
- J. Valverde,
- G. Zaharijas,
- (Fermi LAT collaboration),
- S. Lesage,
- M. S. Briggs,
- E. Burns,
- S. Bala,
- P. N. Bhat,
- W. H. Cleveland,
- S. Dalessi,
- C. de Barra,
- M. Gibby,
- M. M. Giles,
- R. Hamburg,
- B. A. Hristov,
- D. Kocevski,
- C. M. Hui,
- B. Mailyan,
- C. Malacaria,
- S. McBreen,
- S. Poolakkil,
- O. J. Roberts,
- L. Scotton,
- P. Veres,
- A. von Kienlin,
- C. A. Wilson-Hodge,
- J. Wood,
- (Fermi GBM collaboration)
Affiliations
- M. Axelsson
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics , AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- M. Ajello
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University , Kinard Lab of Physics, Clemson, SC 29634-0978, USA
- M. Arimoto
- ORCiD
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University , Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
- L. Baldini
- ORCiD
- Università di Pisa and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- J. Ballet
- ORCiD
- Université Paris-Saclay , Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
- M. G. Baring
- ORCiD
- Rice University , Department of Physics and Astronomy, MS-108, P. O. Box 1892, Houston, TX 77251, USA
- C. Bartolini
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy; Università degli studi di Trento , via Calepina 14, 38122 Trento, Italy
- D. Bastieri
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei,” Università di Padova, Via F. Marzolo, 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy; Center for Space Studies and Activities “G. Colombo,” University of Padova, Via Venezia 15, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- J. Becerra Gonzalez
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Universidad de La Laguna , Dpto. Astrofísica, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- R. Bellazzini
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- B. Berenji
- California State University , Los Angeles, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
- E. Bissaldi
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari , via Amendola 173, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- R. D. Blandford
- ORCiD
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory , Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- R. Bonino
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica , Università degli Studi di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- P. Bruel
- ORCiD
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet , CNRS/IN2P3, École polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
- S. Buson
- ORCiD
- Institut für Theoretische Physik and Astrophysik , Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
- R. A. Cameron
- ORCiD
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory , Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- R. Caputo
- ORCiD
- Astrophysics Science Division , NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- P. A. Caraveo
- ORCiD
- INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica Milano , via E. Bassini 15, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- E. Cavazzuti
- ORCiD
- Italian Space Agency , Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
- C. C. Cheung
- ORCiD
- Space Science Division , Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5352, USA
- G. Chiaro
- ORCiD
- INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica Milano , via E. Bassini 15, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- N. Cibrario
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica , Università degli Studi di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- S. Ciprini
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Roma “Tor Vergata,” I-00133 Roma, Italy; Space Science Data Center - Agenzia Spaziale Italiana , Via del Politecnico, snc, I-00133, Roma, Italy
- G. Cozzolongo
- ORCiD
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität , Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossplatz 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- P. Cristarella Orestano
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Fisica , Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- M. Crnogorcevic
- ORCiD
- Astrophysics Science Division , NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Department of Astronomy , University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- A. Cuoco
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica , Università degli Studi di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- S. Cutini
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- F. D’Ammando
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia , I-40129 Bologna, Italy
- S. De Gaetano
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari , via Amendola 173, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- N. Di Lalla
- ORCiD
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory , Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- A. Dinesh
- Grupo de Altas Energías , Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- R. Di Tria
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari , via Amendola 173, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- L. Di Venere
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- A. Domínguez
- ORCiD
- Grupo de Altas Energías , Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- S. J. Fegan
- ORCiD
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet , CNRS/IN2P3, École polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
- E. C. Ferrara
- ORCiD
- Astrophysics Science Division , NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Department of Astronomy , University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology , NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- A. Fiori
- ORCiD
- Università di Pisa and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- A. Franckowiak
- ORCiD
- Ruhr University Bochum , Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Astronomical Institute (AIRUB), 44780 Bochum, Germany
- Y. Fukazawa
- ORCiD
- Department of Physical Sciences , Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- S. Funk
- ORCiD
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- P. Fusco
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari , via Amendola 173, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- G. Galanti
- ORCiD
- INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica Milano , via E. Bassini 15, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- F. Gargano
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- C. Gasbarra
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Roma “Tor Vergata,” I-00133 Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica , Università di Roma “Tor Vergata,” I-00133 Roma, Italy
- S. Germani
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia , Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Pascoli snc, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- F. Giacchino
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Roma “Tor Vergata,” I-00133 Roma, Italy; Space Science Data Center - Agenzia Spaziale Italiana , Via del Politecnico, snc, I-00133, Roma, Italy
- N. Giglietto
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari , via Amendola 173, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- M. Giliberti
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari , via Amendola 173, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- R. Gill
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Radioastronomía y Astrofísica , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro #8701, Ex-Hda, San José de la Huerta, Morelia, Michoacán, México C.P. 58089, Mexico; Astrophysics Research Center of the Open university (ARCO) , The Open University of Israel, P.O Box 808, Ra’anana 43537, Israel
- F. Giordano
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari , via Amendola 173, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- M. Giroletti
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia , I-40129 Bologna, Italy
- J. Granot
- ORCiD
- Astrophysics Research Center of the Open university (ARCO) , The Open University of Israel, P.O Box 808, Ra’anana 43537, Israel; Department of Natural Sciences , Open University of Israel, 1 University Road, POB 808, Ra’anana 43537, Israel; The George Washington University , Department of Physics, 725 21st Street NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- D. Green
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik , D-80805 München, Germany
- I. A. Grenier
- ORCiD
- Université Paris Cité , Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, AIM, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- S. Guiriec
- ORCiD
- Astrophysics Science Division , NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; The George Washington University , Department of Physics, 725 21st Street NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- M. Gustafsson
- Georg-August University Göttingen , Institute for theoretical Physics - Faculty of Physics, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
- M. Hashizume
- ORCiD
- Department of Physical Sciences , Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- E. Hays
- ORCiD
- Astrophysics Science Division , NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- J. W. Hewitt
- ORCiD
- University of North Florida , Department of Physics, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- D. Horan
- ORCiD
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet , CNRS/IN2P3, École polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
- T. Kayanoki
- ORCiD
- Department of Physical Sciences , Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- M. Kuss
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- A. Laviron
- ORCiD
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet , CNRS/IN2P3, École polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
- J. Li
- ORCiD
- CAS Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology , Department of Astronomy, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China; School of Astronomy and Space Science , University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
- I. Liodakis
- ORCiD
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center , Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
- F. Longo
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Fisica , Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- F. Loparco
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari , via Amendola 173, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- L. Lorusso
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari , via Amendola 173, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- B. Lott
- ORCiD
- Université Bordeaux , CNRS, LP2I Bordeaux, UMR 5797, F-33170 Gradignan, France
- M. N. Lovellette
- ORCiD
- The Aerospace Corporation , 14745 Lee Road, Chantilly, VA 20151, USA
- P. Lubrano
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- S. Maldera
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- D. Malyshev
- ORCiD
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- A. Manfreda
- ORCiD
- Università di Pisa and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- G. Martí-Devesa
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Fisica , Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- R. Martinelli
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Fisica , Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- I. Martinez Castellanos
- ORCiD
- Astrophysics Science Division , NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Department of Astronomy , University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology , NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- M. N. Mazziotta
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- J. E. McEnery
- Astrophysics Science Division , NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Department of Astronomy , University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- I. Mereu
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Fisica , Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- M. Meyer
- ORCiD
- Center for Cosmology and Particle Physics Phenomenology , University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
- P. F. Michelson
- ORCiD
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory , Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- N. Mirabal
- ORCiD
- Astrophysics Science Division , NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Space Science and Technology , University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
- W. Mitthumsiri
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics , Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- T. Mizuno
- ORCiD
- Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center , Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- P. Monti-Guarnieri
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Fisica , Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- M. E. Monzani
- ORCiD
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory , Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Vatican Observatory , Castel Gandolfo, V-00120, Vatican City State
- T. Morishita
- ORCiD
- Department of Physical Sciences , Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- A. Morselli
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Roma “Tor Vergata,” I-00133 Roma, Italy
- I. V. Moskalenko
- ORCiD
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory , Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- M. Negro
- ORCiD
- Department of physics and Astronomy , Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- R. Niwa
- Department of Physical Sciences , Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- N. Omodei
- ORCiD
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory , Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- M. Orienti
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia , I-40129 Bologna, Italy
- E. Orlando
- ORCiD
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory , Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Trieste, and Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- D. Paneque
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik , D-80805 München, Germany
- G. Panzarini
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari , via Amendola 173, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- M. Persic
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; INAF-Astronomical Observatory of Padova , Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy
- M. Pesce-Rollins
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- V. Petrosian
- ORCiD
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory , Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- R. Pillera
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari , via Amendola 173, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- F. Piron
- ORCiD
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier , Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, F-34095 Montpellier, France
- T. A. Porter
- ORCiD
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory , Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- G. Principe
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia , I-40129 Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica , Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- J. L. Racusin
- ORCiD
- Astrophysics Science Division , NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- S. Rainò
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari , via Amendola 173, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- R. Rando
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei,” Università di Padova, Via F. Marzolo, 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy; Center for Space Studies and Activities “G. Colombo,” University of Padova, Via Venezia 15, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- B. Rani
- ORCiD
- Astrophysics Science Division , NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Space Science and Technology , University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
- M. Razzano
- ORCiD
- Università di Pisa and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- S. Razzaque
- ORCiD
- The George Washington University , Department of Physics, 725 21st Street NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA; Centre for Astro-Particle Physics (CAPP) and Department of Physics , University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
- A. Reimer
- ORCiD
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik , Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- O. Reimer
- ORCiD
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik , Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- F. Ryde
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics , AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- M. Sánchez-Conde
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Física Teórica , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- P. M. Saz Parkinson
- ORCiD
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics , Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- D. Serini
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- C. Sgrò
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- V. Sharma
- ORCiD
- Astrophysics Science Division , NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology , NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Space Science and Technology , University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
- E. J. Siskind
- ORCiD
- NYCB Real-Time Computing Inc. , Lattingtown, NY 11560-1025, USA
- G. Spandre
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- P. Spinelli
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari , via Amendola 173, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- D. J. Suson
- ORCiD
- Purdue University Northwest , Hammond, IN 46323, USA
- H. Tajima
- ORCiD
- Nagoya University , Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe , Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
- D. Tak
- ORCiD
- SNU Astronomy Research Center , Seoul National University, Gwanak-rho, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
- J. B. Thayer
- ORCiD
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory , Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- D. F. Torres
- ORCiD
- Institute of Space Sciences (ICE , CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Magrans s/n, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) , E-08010 Barcelona, Spain; I nstitut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) , E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
- J. Valverde
- ORCiD
- Astrophysics Science Division , NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Space Science and Technology , University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
- G. Zaharijas
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology , University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
- (Fermi LAT collaboration)
- S. Lesage
- ORCiD
- Department of Space Science , University of Alabama in Huntsville, 320 Sparkman Drive, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA; Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research , University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
- M. S. Briggs
- ORCiD
- Department of Space Science , University of Alabama in Huntsville, 320 Sparkman Drive, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA; Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research , University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
- E. Burns
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy , Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- S. Bala
- ORCiD
- Science and Technology Institute , Universities Space Research Association, Huntsville, AL 35805, USA
- P. N. Bhat
- ORCiD
- Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research , University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
- W. H. Cleveland
- ORCiD
- Science and Technology Institute , Universities Space Research Association, Huntsville, AL 35805, USA
- S. Dalessi
- ORCiD
- Department of Space Science , University of Alabama in Huntsville, 320 Sparkman Drive, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA; Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research , University of Alabama in Huntsville, 320 Sparkman Drive, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
- C. de Barra
- ORCiD
- School of Physics , University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- M. Gibby
- Jacobs Space Exploration Group , Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
- M. M. Giles
- Jacobs Space Exploration Group , Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
- R. Hamburg
- ORCiD
- Université Paris-Saclay , CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
- B. A. Hristov
- ORCiD
- Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research , University of Alabama in Huntsville, 320 Sparkman Drive, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
- D. Kocevski
- ORCiD
- ST12 Astrophysics Branch , NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
- C. M. Hui
- ORCiD
- ST12 Astrophysics Branch , NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
- B. Mailyan
- ORCiD
- Department of Aerospace , Physics and Space Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
- C. Malacaria
- ORCiD
- International Space Science Institute , Hallerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- S. McBreen
- ORCiD
- School of Physics , University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- S. Poolakkil
- ORCiD
- Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research , University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA; Department of Space Science , University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
- O. J. Roberts
- ORCiD
- Science and Technology Institute , Universities Space Research Association, Huntsville, AL 35805, USA
- L. Scotton
- ORCiD
- Department of Space Science , University of Alabama in Huntsville, 320 Sparkman Drive, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA; Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research , University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
- P. Veres
- ORCiD
- Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research , University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA; Department of Space Science , University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
- A. von Kienlin
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik , Giessenbachstrasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- C. A. Wilson-Hodge
- ORCiD
- ST12 Astrophysics Branch , NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
- J. Wood
- ORCiD
- ST12 Astrophysics Branch , NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
- (Fermi GBM collaboration)
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ada272
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 277,
no. 1
p. 24
Abstract
We present a complete analysis of Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) data of GRB 221009A, the brightest gamma-ray burst (GRB) ever detected. The burst emission above 30 MeV detected by the LAT preceded, by 1 s, the low-energy (<10 MeV) pulse that triggered the Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor (GBM), as has been observed in other GRBs. The prompt phase of GRB 221009A lasted a few hundred seconds. It was so bright that we identify a bad time interval of 64 s caused by the extremely high flux of hard X-rays and soft gamma rays, during which the event reconstruction efficiency was poor and the dead time fraction quite high. The late-time emission decayed as a power law, but the extrapolation of the late-time emission during the first 450 s suggests that the afterglow started during the prompt emission. We also found that high-energy events observed by the LAT are incompatible with synchrotron origin, and, during the prompt emission, are more likely related to an extra component identified as synchrotron self-Compton (SSC). A remarkable 400 GeV photon, detected by the LAT 33 ks after the GBM trigger and directionally consistent with the location of GRB 221009A, is hard to explain as a product of SSC or TeV electromagnetic cascades, and the process responsible for its origin is uncertain. Because of its proximity and energetic nature, GRB 221009A is an extremely rare event.
Keywords
