School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
Alexander Lindley
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
Ciro Cursio
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
Sammy Krachunov
Centre for Doctoral Training in Sensor Technologies and Application, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
Christopher Beach
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
Christopher A. Brown
Psychological Sciences, Institute of Population Health Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
Anthony K. P. Jones
Human Pain Research group, Division of Neuroscience and Cognitive Psychology, University of Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
Alexander J. Casson
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
For electroencephalography (EEG) in haired regions of the head, finger-based electrodes have been proposed in order to part the hair and make a direct contact with the scalp. Previous work has demonstrated 3D-printed fingered electrodes to allow personalisation and different configurations of electrodes to be used for different people or for different parts of the head. This paper presents flexible 3D-printed EEG electrodes for the first time. A flexible 3D printing element is now used, with three different base mechanical structures giving differently-shaped electrodes. To obtain improved sensing performance, the silver coatings used previously have been replaced with a silver/silver-chloride coating. This results in reduced electrode contact impedance and reduced contact noise. Detailed electro-mechanical testing is presented to demonstrate the performance of the operation of the new electrodes, particularly with regards to changes in conductivity under compression, together with on-person tests to demonstrate the recording of EEG signals.
