Environmentally Dyeing Using Dried Walnut Husk as Bio-Mordant: Investigation of Creating New Red and Yellow Shades on Wool

Abstract

Reducing pollution in various industries such as textile is very important. In this study, the important approach was selected to reduce the pollution of dyeing process’s pollution, namely the selection of plant-based dyes and mordants. The dyes and mordants were extracted from ultrasonic media to obtain maximum efficiency with the least pollution. The extraction efficiency of madder, Reseda, and walnut husk in water with the ultrasound-assisted method was 23%, 33%, and 36%, respectively. The pre-mordanting method was used for mordanting, and to compare the results, Fe (ferrous) salt was selected as the mineral mordant. FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) as analysis techniques were employed to investigate the extracts obtained and the changes in the fibers. The study of K/S (color strength) content of dyed samples showed that increasing the dye concentration of the dye increases the amount of K/S. The colorfastness properties of all samples were investigated using the ISO (International Organization for Standardization) standards. The wash, light, and rub fastness of dyed yarns were good, moderate, and good, respectively.

Keywords

• dyeing
• fastness
• madder
• walnut husk
• ultrasound-assisted technique