Relationship between Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation and Autonomic Nervous System
Giovanni Messina,
Antonietta Monda,
Antonietta Messina,
Girolamo Di Maio,
Vincenzo Monda,
Pierpaolo Limone,
Anna Dipace,
Marcellino Monda,
Rita Polito,
Fiorenzo Moscatelli
Affiliations
Giovanni Messina
Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy
Antonietta Monda
Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Telematic University, 00166 Rome, Italy
Antonietta Messina
Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy
Girolamo Di Maio
Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy
Vincenzo Monda
Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples “Parthenope”, 80133 Naples, Italy
Pierpaolo Limone
Department of Psychology and Education, Pegaso Telematic University, 80143 Naples, Italy
Anna Dipace
Department of Psychology and Education, Pegaso Telematic University, 80143 Naples, Italy
Marcellino Monda
Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy
Rita Polito
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
Fiorenzo Moscatelli
Department of Wellbeing, Nutrition and Sport, Pegaso Telematic University, 80143 Naples, Italy
Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) approaches have seen a rise in utilization in both clinical and basic neuroscience in recent years. Here, we concentrate on the two methods that have received the greatest research: transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Both approaches have yielded pertinent data regarding the cortical excitability in subjects in good health as well as pertinent advancements in the management of various clinical disorders. NIBS is a helpful method for comprehending the cortical control of the ANS. Previous research has shown that there are notable changes in muscular sympathetic nerve activity when the motor cortex is modulated. Furthermore, in NIBS investigations, the ANS has been employed more frequently as an outcome measure to comprehend the overall impacts of these methods, including their safety profile. Though there is ample proof that brain stimulation has autonomic effects on animals, new research on the connection between NIBS and the ANS has produced contradictory findings. In order to better understand NIBS processes and ANS function, it is crucial to take into account the reciprocal relationship that exists between central modulation and ANS function.
