Adjuvant antimicrobial photodynamic therapy improves periodontal health and reduces inflammatory cytokines in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Abstract Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is an adjuvant treatment to scaling and root planing (SRP) which improves periodontal health. It may be beneficial to patients with systemic diseases, such as type 1 diabetes mellitus. Objective This randomized clinical trial evaluated the adjunctive effect of aPDT on the periodontal treatment of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methodology 38 patients were included in the study and divided into four groups: DSRP – T1D patients treated with SRP; CSRP – normoglycemic patients treated with SRP; DPDT – T1D patients treated with SRP + aPDT (methylene blue and red laser); CPDT – normoglycemic patients treated with SRP + aPDT. , Periodontal clinical parameters and inflammatory cytokines in crevicular fluid were recorded at baseline and then after 1, 3 and 6 months. The clinical endpoint for treatment was evaluated after 6 months. Results Adjuvant aPDT treatment resulted in reduction of probing depth after 3 months (0.38 mm - p0.05). There was a significant reduction of TNF-α in crevicular fluid in both groups treated with aPDT (p0.05). Conclusions Adjuvant aPDT provided additional benefits in improving periodontal clinical parameters and reducing inflammatory cytokines in both T1D and normoglycemic patients. However, normoglycemic patients showed greater clinical improvements compared to T1D patients following adjuvant aPDT treatment.

Keywords

• Photodynamic Therapy
• Lasers
• Periodontitis
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
• Cytokines