Intravenous Lobular Capillary Haemangioma (Pyogenic Granuloma) of the Superior Vena Cava: Case Report and Literature Review

Abstract

Introduction: Intravascular lobular capillary haemangioma is a rare benign intravascular tumour, especially in large vessels. This is the report of a case and associated literature review. Report and literature review: This is the report of the first case of an intravenous lobular capillary haemangioma (ILCH) of the superior vena cava (SVC). A 30 year old female presented with a collateral thoraco-abdominal venous circulation. Chest computed tomography angiography, thoracic magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography revealed an intraluminal SVC tumour extending from the left brachiocephalic venous trunk to the distal third of the SVC. No pre-operative biopsy was indicated. An en bloc tumour excision was performed, followed by reconstruction of the SVC with an L shaped, ringed polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) prosthesis. Histopathology revealed the presence of an ILCH with free margins. A review of the literature identified 64 cases of ILCH to date, all of which underwent total resection. When reported, no recurrences were found during follow up. Discussion: In this case, the ePTFE reconstruction of the SVC must be checked regularly for any adverse events. Although ILCH is a benign tumour with no risk of recurrence, regular surveillance is advised.