Dengue Virus: Clinical Manifestations and Advances in Diagnosis, Treatment with a Special Focus on Strategies to Limit Mosquito Spread

Abstract

Dengue is a viral disease that is transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquito worldwide. It is globally prevalent and has no effective treatment till date. Approximately 50,000 people suffer from dengue annually, of which 10% of the total cases involved are due to dengue hemorrhagic fever. This creates a very distressing situation which puts forth a need for development of an effective anti-dengue agent to combat this epidemic infection. The use of bioinformatics tools, high performance computing and molecular modeling programs has been leading the advancements in designing and in silico searching of therapeutically active molecules that can be used against Dengue. For drug designing the bioinformatics is evolving the docking studies of NS3 pro and Envelope protein of DENV 2 and DENV 3 with new drug design tools that are available in public using Artificial Neutral Network (ANN) and Hidden Markov Model (HMM). Most chemical insecticides that are used for the eradication of mosquito vectors are not safe because of their harmful side effects to living organisms. This review focus about the various immunological manifestations of Dengue viral infection. There is a need of using biocontrol agents that includes the use of microorganisms, fishes and its metabolites for the elimination of vectors and dengue outbreaks.

Keywords

• dengue fever
• immunology
• transmission
• biocontrol agents