Synthesis and synergistic effect of cuprous(I) oxide nanoparticles and polyethyleneimine modified ammonium polyphosphate on enhancing the flame resistance of epoxy resin

Hai Thi Doan; Nhiem Thi Nguyen; Nhung Thi Hac; Pham Thi Lan Huong; Mai Ha Hoang; Quoc Anh Ngo; Van Tuyen Nguyen; Vinh Quang Tran

doi:10.1088/2053-1591/ad058e

Materials Research Express (Jan 2023)

Synthesis and synergistic effect of cuprous(I) oxide nanoparticles and polyethyleneimine modified ammonium polyphosphate on enhancing the flame resistance of epoxy resin

Hai Thi Doan,
Nhiem Thi Nguyen,
Nhung Thi Hac,
Pham Thi Lan Huong,
Mai Ha Hoang,
Quoc Anh Ngo,
Van Tuyen Nguyen,
Vinh Quang Tran

Affiliations

Hai Thi Doan: ORCiD; Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet street, Nghia Do ward, Cau Giay District, Hanoi City, Vietnam
Nhiem Thi Nguyen: ORCiD; Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet street, Nghia Do ward, Cau Giay District, Hanoi City, Vietnam
Nhung Thi Hac: ORCiD; Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet street, Nghia Do ward, Cau Giay District, Hanoi City, Vietnam
Pham Thi Lan Huong: ORCiD; Phenikaa University , Nguyen Van Trac street, Yen Nghia ward, Ha Dong district, Hanoi City, Vietnam
Mai Ha Hoang: ORCiD; Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet street, Nghia Do ward, Cau Giay District, Hanoi City, Vietnam; Graduate University of Science and Technology , 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Nghia Do Ward, Cau Giay District, Hanoi City, Vietnam
Quoc Anh Ngo: ORCiD; Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet street, Nghia Do ward, Cau Giay District, Hanoi City, Vietnam; Graduate University of Science and Technology , 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Nghia Do Ward, Cau Giay District, Hanoi City, Vietnam
Van Tuyen Nguyen: ORCiD; Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet street, Nghia Do ward, Cau Giay District, Hanoi City, Vietnam; Graduate University of Science and Technology , 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Nghia Do Ward, Cau Giay District, Hanoi City, Vietnam
Vinh Quang Tran: ORCiD; Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet street, Nghia Do ward, Cau Giay District, Hanoi City, Vietnam; Graduate University of Science and Technology , 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Nghia Do Ward, Cau Giay District, Hanoi City, Vietnam

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ad058e
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 10, no. 11
p. 115002

Abstract

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In this study, cuprous(I) oxide nanoparticles (Cu _2 ONPs) and APP@PEI (polyethyleneimine-modified ammonium polyphosphate) materials were successfully synthesized and combined to create a flame-retardant system for the fabrication of epoxy (EP) resin with high flame resistance. The characteristic results revealed that the synthesized Cu _2 ONPs exhibited a particle shape with a size below 200 nm. The synthesized APP@PEI material possessed dimensions ranging from 10–20 micrometers, featuring a core–shell structure. The combination of Cu _2 ONPs and APP@PEI has proven to be an effective flame-retardant system, significantly enhancing the flame resistance of EP resin. The epoxy-based composite prepared with 2 wt% Cu _2 ONPs and 18 wt% APP@PEI demonstrated high flame resistance, achieving a V-0 rating (the highest rating according to the UL-94 method for evaluating the flame retardancy of materials) and a limiting oxygen index value of 36% (indicating the material’s self-extinguishing ability). This limiting oxygen index value was significantly higher than that of neat EP resin, which only reached 19%. The characteristic results of the flame-retardant epoxy-based composite demonstrated that both APP@PEI and Cu _2 ONPs were well dispersed in the EP resin and did not undergo structural transformation during the material preparation process. APP@PEI and Cu _2 ONPs enhanced the thermal degradation of EP-based composite materials at lower temperatures, exhibiting a faster degradation rate compared to EP resin. This augmentation facilitates the formation of a protective char layer on the surface of composite, thereby shielding it from direct flame exposure during combustion. Cu _2 ONPs played a role as oxidative catalysts, acting as Lewis acids. In addition to enhancing fire resistance, APP@PEI and Cu _2 ONPs have increased thermal conductivity, reduced impact strength, maintained tensile strength, and improved flexural strength of the composite material based on EP compared to neat EP resin.

Published in Materials Research Express

ISSN: 2053-1591 (Online)
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Country of publisher: United Kingdom
LCC subjects: Technology: Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering: Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials; Technology: Chemical technology
Website: https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/2053-1591

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