Ветеринария сегодня (Mar 2025)
Role of rotavirus, coronavirus and Escherichia coli in disease etiology in young cattle (review)
Abstract
Introduction. One of the most prevalent groups of pathologies detected in young cattle involves gastrointestinal diseases. They are often caused by infectious agents, among which rotavirus, coronavirus and pathogenic Escherichia coli are predominant.Objective. Analysis and systematization of up-to-date information on the role of rotavirus, coronavirus and pathogenic Escherichia coli strains in the etiology of diseases of cattle, including young animals, data on the incidence of these infections in the Russian Federation and other countries of the world as well as relevance of vaccination against the above-mentioned pathogens.Results. The paper provides information on the structure of rotavirus, coronavirus and Escherichia coli, on the biological properties of the pathogens, and factors affecting the disease form and severity. Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign scientific publications, data on the prevalence of colibacillosis, rotavirus and coronavirus infections are presented, and the main methods of their control are described. The significance of the vaccines for the prevention of these diseases is confirmed, the factors influencing the vaccine prevention effectiveness are listed, and measures to increase it are given.Conclusion. The average global incidence of rotavirus infection is 32.7%, coronavirus infection is 18.4%, and colibacillosis is 39.1%. In Russia, the prevalence rate of the above-mentioned diseasesis 41.4, 33.1 and 30.2%, respectively. Thus, in the Russian Federation, the incidence of bovine rotavirus and coronavirus infections exceeds the global average by 8.7 and 14.7%, respectively. The colibacillosis situation in Russia is better than in most countries: the disease is reported by 8.9% less frequently than the globala verage. High genetic diversity and prevalence of the above-mentioned pathogens require an integrated approach to their control. One of the most effective methods is vaccination, which makes the development of effective and safe vaccines against rotavirus, coronavirus and Escherichia coli infections an urgent task.
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