A Subthreshold Operation Series-Parallel Charge Pump Incorporating Dynamic Source-Fed Oscillator for Wide-Input-Voltage Energy Harvesting Application

Yong Jack Kee; Harikrishnan Ramiah; Kishore Kumar Pakkirisami Churchill; Gabriel Chong; Saad Mekhilef; Nai Shyan Lai; Yong Chen; Pui-In Mak; Rui P. Martins

doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3312727

IEEE Access (Jan 2023)

A Subthreshold Operation Series-Parallel Charge Pump Incorporating Dynamic Source-Fed Oscillator for Wide-Input-Voltage Energy Harvesting Application

Yong Jack Kee,
Harikrishnan Ramiah,
Kishore Kumar Pakkirisami Churchill,
Gabriel Chong,
Saad Mekhilef,
Nai Shyan Lai,
Yong Chen,
Pui-In Mak,
Rui P. Martins

Affiliations

Yong Jack Kee: Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Harikrishnan Ramiah: ORCiD; Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Kishore Kumar Pakkirisami Churchill: Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Gabriel Chong: Nexperia Research and Development Penang, Bayan Lepas, Malaysia
Saad Mekhilef: ORCiD; School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Nai Shyan Lai: School of Engineering, Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Yong Chen: ORCiD; Institute of Microelectronics, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed Signal VLSI, Faculty of Science and Technology–ECE, University of Macau, Macau, China
Pui-In Mak: ORCiD; Institute of Microelectronics, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed Signal VLSI, Faculty of Science and Technology–ECE, University of Macau, Macau, China
Rui P. Martins: ORCiD; Institute of Microelectronics, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed Signal VLSI, Faculty of Science and Technology–ECE, University of Macau, Macau, China

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3312727
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 11
pp. 97641 – 97653

Abstract

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This work proposes a CMOS reconfigurable charge pump (CP) for a low-voltage energy harvesting system. It utilizes the low effective resistance from the parallel CP to enhance its power conversion efficiency (PCE). The CP exhibits an adaptive configuration with different stages depending on the input voltage, changing its voltage conversion ratio (VCR) to limit the output voltage under 1.8-V. Additionally, this work develops a novel dynamic source-fed oscillator that modulates the oscillating frequency by utilizing a dynamic source for the ring-voltage controlled oscillator (RVCO). The independent source from the RVCO and the clock-generating units from the proposed technique permit the implementation of frequency modulation without affecting the clock amplitude. Fabricated in 65-nm CMOS, the proposed prototype measures 62% peak PCE with an input voltage range of 0.26-V to 0.64-V.

Published in IEEE Access

ISSN: 2169-3536 (Online)
Publisher: IEEE
Country of publisher: United States
LCC subjects: Technology: Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering
Website: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=6287639

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