Intrusive-like memory errors associate with positive schizotypy

Abstract

Schizophrenia is characterized by memory impairments, yet the relationships between its distinct symptom clusters (i.e., positive, negative, disorganized) and specific aspects of memory dysfunction remain poorly characterized. In the present study, we compiled a large analog sample (N = 795) to test whether positive symptoms, versus negative and disorganized symptoms, were uniquely and differentially related to false alarm versus miss errors during recognition memory. Mixed-effects beta regression analyses revealed that both positive schizotypy and paranoia were more strongly associated with false alarms than misses. Disorganized schizotypy showed a similar pattern, though to a lesser extent; negative schizotypy showed a significant relationship with neither false alarm nor miss errors. We suggest that those higher in positive schizotypy are especially prone to misattribute signal to noise stimuli during recognition memory – characteristic of an “intrusive-like” profile of memory impairment, wherein context-irrelevant stimuli trigger spurious retrieval events – and speculate on the neural processes that might give rise to this asymmetry.

Keywords

• Memory
• Schizotypy
• Schizophrenia
• False alarms