By using first-principles calculations, we investigate the structural stability of nitrogen-doped (N-doped) graphene with graphitic-N, pyridinic-N and pyrrolic-N, and the transition metal (TM) atoms embedded into N-doped graphene. The structures and energetics of TM atoms from Sc to Ni embedded into N-doped graphene are studied. The TM atoms at N4V 2 forming a 4N-centered structure shows the strongest binding and the binding energies are more than 7 eV. Finally, we investigate the catalytic performance of N-doped graphene with and without TM embedding for O2 dissociation, which is a fundamental reaction in fuel cells. Compared to the pyridinic-N, the graphitic-N is more favorable to dissociate O2 molecules with a relatively low reaction barrier of 1.15 eV. However, the catalytic performance on pyridinic-N doped structure can be greatly improved by embedding TM atoms, and the energy barrier can be reduced to 0.61 eV with V atom embedded. Our results provide the stable structure of N-doped graphene and its potential applications in the oxygen reduction reactions.
