Exfoliation and optical properties of S = 1 triangular lattice antiferromagnet NiGa2S4

Abstract

Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials have been an exciting area of research ever since scientists first isolated a single layer of graphene. Single layer magnetic materials can provide a pathway for vdW heterostructures with magnetic properties. While most of the magnetic vdW materials exhibit ordering transitions in the bulk, here we report a successful exfoliation of a triangular lattice S = 1 antiferromagnet NiGa $$_2$$ S $$_4$$ , which already demonstrates exotic magnetism in the bulk material. We establish the number of layers of the material by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and detail a careful characterization using Raman and optical spectroscopy to demonstrate how the optical, electronic, and structural properties of NiGa $$_2$$ S $$_4$$ change as a function of sample thickness. Optical measurements and electronic structure calculations of bulk versus monolayer NiGa $$_2$$ S $$_4$$ confirm the material to be a Mott insulator with an electronic gap of about 1.5 eV, which slightly increases for layers below 10 L. We conclude with a theoretical analysis of the possibility of doping monolayer NiGa $$_2$$ S $$_4$$ by proximity to a metal.

Keywords

• Two-dimensional magnetic materials
• Mott insulator
• Raman spectroscopy
• Reflectance
• Electron-phonon coupling
• Doping