Subdiffusive transport of runaway electrons in presence of small amplitude MHD perturbations in COMPASS

Abstract

Radial transport of runaway electrons (REs) in tokamaks is affected by the presence of magnetic perturbations, either caused by internal magnetohydrodynamic instabilities or induced by external coils. The magnetic field configuration inside the plasma volume consists in general of intact magnetic surfaces alternated with magnetic islands and stochastic layers, which make the usual diffusive approach, based on the Rechester–Rosenbluth formula, inadequate to the study of transport. Here the fractional diffusion approach is employed to model RE transport in presence of intrinsic magnetic perturbations (magnetic islands) in the flat-top phase of RE-dedicated discharges on COMPASS tokamak. The character of RE transport is found to be subdiffusive. The degree of subdiffusion is evaluated by running simulations with the ORBIT code and a time-fractional diffusion equation is applied to calculate the time evolution of RE particle number. The results are compared with the observed RE losses, estimated from the time integrated neutron signal.

Keywords

• runaway electrons
• transport
• subdiffusion
• magnetic perturbations
• hard x-rays
• neutrons