Frontiers in Physiology (Dec 2022)
The role of KCC2 and NKCC1 in spinal cord injury: From physiology to pathology
- Zuliyaer Talifu,
- Zuliyaer Talifu,
- Zuliyaer Talifu,
- Zuliyaer Talifu,
- Zuliyaer Talifu,
- Zuliyaer Talifu,
- Yunzhu Pan,
- Yunzhu Pan,
- Yunzhu Pan,
- Yunzhu Pan,
- Yunzhu Pan,
- Yunzhu Pan,
- Han Gong,
- Han Gong,
- Han Gong,
- Han Gong,
- Han Gong,
- Xin Xu,
- Xin Xu,
- Xin Xu,
- Xin Xu,
- Xin Xu,
- Chunjia Zhang,
- Chunjia Zhang,
- Chunjia Zhang,
- Chunjia Zhang,
- Chunjia Zhang,
- Degang Yang,
- Degang Yang,
- Degang Yang,
- Degang Yang,
- Feng Gao,
- Feng Gao,
- Feng Gao,
- Feng Gao,
- Yan Yu,
- Yan Yu,
- Yan Yu,
- Yan Yu,
- Liangjie Du,
- Liangjie Du,
- Liangjie Du,
- Liangjie Du,
- Jianjun Li,
- Jianjun Li,
- Jianjun Li,
- Jianjun Li,
- Jianjun Li,
- Jianjun Li
Affiliations
- Zuliyaer Talifu
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Zuliyaer Talifu
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Zuliyaer Talifu
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Zuliyaer Talifu
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Zuliyaer Talifu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- Zuliyaer Talifu
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Yunzhu Pan
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Yunzhu Pan
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Yunzhu Pan
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Yunzhu Pan
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Yunzhu Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- Yunzhu Pan
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Han Gong
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Han Gong
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Han Gong
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Han Gong
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Han Gong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- Xin Xu
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Xin Xu
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Xin Xu
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Xin Xu
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Xin Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- Chunjia Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Chunjia Zhang
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chunjia Zhang
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Chunjia Zhang
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Chunjia Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- Degang Yang
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Degang Yang
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Degang Yang
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Degang Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- Feng Gao
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Feng Gao
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Feng Gao
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Feng Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- Yan Yu
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Yan Yu
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Yan Yu
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Yan Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- Liangjie Du
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Liangjie Du
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Liangjie Du
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Liangjie Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- Jianjun Li
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Jianjun Li
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Jianjun Li
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Jianjun Li
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Jianjun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- Jianjun Li
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.1045520
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 13
Abstract
The balance of ion concentrations inside and outside the cell is an essential homeostatic mechanism in neurons and serves as the basis for a variety of physiological activities. In the central nervous system, NKCC1 and KCC2, members of the SLC12 cation-chloride co-transporter (CCC) family, participate in physiological and pathophysiological processes by regulating intracellular and extracellular chloride ion concentrations, which can further regulate the GABAergic system. Over recent years, studies have shown that NKCC1 and KCC2 are essential for the maintenance of Cl− homeostasis in neural cells. NKCC1 transports Cl− into cells while KCC2 transports Cl− out of cells, thereby regulating chloride balance and neuronal excitability. An imbalance of NKCC1 and KCC2 after spinal cord injury will disrupt CI− homeostasis, resulting in the transformation of GABA neurons from an inhibitory state into an excitatory state, which subsequently alters the spinal cord neural network and leads to conditions such as spasticity and neuropathic pain, among others. Meanwhile, studies have shown that KCC2 is also an essential target for motor function reconstruction after spinal cord injury. This review mainly introduces the physiological structure and function of NKCC1 and KCC2 and discusses their pathophysiological roles after spinal cord injury.
Keywords
