Intramuscular transplantation of bone marrow cells prolongs the lifespan of SOD1G93A mice and modulates expression of prognosis biomarkers of the disease

Abstract

Abstract Background Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness, paralysis and death. There is no effective treatment for ALS and stem cell therapy has arisen as a potential therapeutic approach. Methods SOD1 mutant mice were used to study the potential neurotrophic effect of bone marrow cells grafted into quadriceps femoris muscle. Results Bone marrow intramuscular transplants resulted in increased longevity with improved motor function and decreased motoneuron degeneration in the spinal cord. Moreover, the increment of the glial-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin 4 observed in the grafted muscles suggests that this partial neuroprotective effect is mediated by neurotrophic factor release at the neuromuscular junction level. Finally, certain neurodegeneration and muscle disease-specific markers, which are altered in the SOD1G93A mutant mouse and may serve as molecular biomarkers for the early detection of ALS in patients, have been studied with encouraging results. Conclusions This work demonstrates that stem cell transplantation in the muscle prolonged the lifespan, increased motoneuron survival and slowed disease progression, which was also assessed by genetic expression analysis.