The Effect of Herbal Formulation of Centratherum Anthelminticum Seeds Extract on Salivary Microbial Count and Oral Health in Diabetic and Non-Diabetics Adults

Abstract

Background: Diabetes can cause oral health issues like periodontal disease, dental caries, and delayed wound healing, requiring effective diabetes management and good oral hygiene. This study evaluated the efficacy of Centratherum anthelminticum (eCset) seed extract in herbal formulation against oral issues in adults with and without diabetes. Methods: This randomized control trial study was conducted at Surani Dental Clinic, Karachi, for 4 weeks in January 2023 and included 18-60 years of type-2 diabetics on standard anti-diabetic therapy for at least 6 months, moderate to severe oral ailments, at least 24 teeth, and no recent antibiotic therapy. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of eCset seed extract was tested and compared with reference drugs Chloramphenicol and Nystatin by using the diffusion zone methods and eCset herbal formulation was prepared. The weight, height, and fasting blood sugar (FBS) were measured, oral health at baseline and after intervention was assessed, and saliva samples were collected before and after using eCset mouthwash for four weeks and cultured. SPSS v.21 was used with p<0.05 considered significant. Results: The growth inhibition zones(mm) for Staphylococcus aureus were (Chloramphenicol:25 vs eCset:22), Micrococcus luteus (55 vs 22), Vibrio cholera (40 vs 29), Salmonella typhi (23 vs 16) and Aspergillus niger (eCset:18 vs Nystatin:22mm). The eCset herbal mouthwash improved plaque in healthy and diabetic participants and decreased the salivary CFU values (p<0.01) in both groups after using eCset mouthwash for four weeks. Conclusion: The in-vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity of eCset seed extract supports its herbal mouthwash formulation used to maintain and improve oral hygiene. Keywords: Anti-Microbial Agents, Diabetes Mellitus, Mouthwashes, Oral Health. Anti-Microbial Agents, Diabetes Mellitus, Mouthwashes, Oral Health.