A Novel Strain of Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus Has Spread to the Mediterranean Basin
Isabel M. Fortes,
Sonia Sánchez-Campos,
Elvira Fiallo-Olivé,
Juan A. Díaz-Pendón,
Jesús Navas-Castillo,
Enrique Moriones
Affiliations
Isabel M. Fortes
Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture “La Mayora” (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, La mayora Experimental Station, 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
Sonia Sánchez-Campos
Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture “La Mayora” (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, La mayora Experimental Station, 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
Elvira Fiallo-Olivé
Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture “La Mayora” (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, La mayora Experimental Station, 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
Juan A. Díaz-Pendón
Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture “La Mayora” (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, La mayora Experimental Station, 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
Jesús Navas-Castillo
Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture “La Mayora” (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, La mayora Experimental Station, 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
Enrique Moriones
Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture “La Mayora” (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, La mayora Experimental Station, 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) is a whitefly-transmitted bipartite begomovirus (genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae) that causes damage to multiple cultivated plant species mainly belonging to the Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae families. ToLCNDV was limited to Asian countries until 2012, when it was first reported in Spain, causing severe epidemics in cucurbit crops. Here, we show that a genetically-uniform ToLCNDV population is present in Spain, compatible with a recent introduction. Analyses of ToLCNDV isolates reported from other parts of the world indicated that this virus has a highly heterogeneous population genetically with no evident geographical, plant host or year-based phylogenetic groups observed. Isolates emerging in Spain belong to a strain that seems to have evolved by recombination. Isolates of this strain seem adapted to infecting cucurbits, but poorly infect tomatoes.
