Red mud utilisation for sustainable construction and soil improvement: a comprehensive review

Abstract

Abstract This review paper explores the use of red mud as a sustainable alternative for construction materials and soil stabilisation due to its unique chemical and mineral composition, a waste produced during the extraction of aluminium from bauxite ore. The disposal of red mud is a major environmental issue worldwide due to its high alkalinity and large production volume. Although this material has already been utilised as construction material (e.g., bricks, cement, concrete), it can also be incorporated for waste water treatment and lead to waste reduction. In soil stabilisation, red mud’s alkaline nature, pozzolanic properties, and fine particle size improve soil structure and strength, offering a cost-effective solution. Utilising red mud as a filling material for low-lying areas addresses the disposal problem while contributing to infrastructure development projects. This study highlights construction materials’ mechanical properties and durability by incorporating bauxite tailings and also incorporating valorisation of red mud as a precursor for alkali-activated binder. This paper comprises recent research findings and practical applications associated with the use of this waste. Also, it discusses the benefits and challenges associated with the large-scale use of red mud. It gives an idea about how the strength and durability of construction materials can be improved considering overall environmental impact. Future perspectives on policy, technology, and environmental impact are also discussed to provide a comprehensive understanding of red mud’s potential for sustainable development.

Keywords

• Red mud
• Ceramic materials
• Catalyst
• Wastewater treatment
• Brick
• Tiles