Annals of the University of Oradea: Economic Science (Jul 2020)
INTERNATIONAL TOURISM IN GLOBALIZATION CONDITIONS
Abstract
Modern tourism has been subjected in the last decade to the process of internationalization and globalization. With the development of technology, means of communication, but also the variety of means of transport (from air to sea and not only) consolidates the mobility of people from one corner of the world to another, leading to the globalization of tourism. The phenomenon of globalization is manifested in many areas, but perhaps the one that best characterizes this phenomenon is the tourism sector. Through globalization, the interdependence between countries, economies, but also people develops. Globalization means not only huge corporations, but also medium-sized, small or even family businesses. There are clearly some aspects of globalization that have a visible impact on the tourism industry. The ease with which anyone can access air transport, the liberalization of trade in services, new technology, the widespread use of the Internet, the policies of countries contribute to the continuous growth of tourism. These processes have led to the creation and operation of the global tourism market in which exotic destinations become a reality. At the same time, globalization creates a lot of development opportunities. Thus, 1.4 billion people traveled in 2018 and 1.5 billion people traveled in 2019. Tourism revenue is $ 5800 billion in 2019, accounting for 6.7% of the world’s total GDP. Tourism globalization leads to cultural exchanges, social interaction, exposure to local cultural traditions. At the same time, this phenomenon, helped by the economic policies also changes the profile of the tourist. Today's tourists are increasingly turning to global destinations, which many of them book online; they expect the vacation to be as close as possible to the spirit of the place they are visiting; they want the services they contract to be as personalized as possible in order to accumulate new cultural information and more. The expansion and direction of global tourism has been analyzed based on data from the last 3 years, but also taking into account the current trend of tourist behavior. The question is what is the next direction of global tourism? What are tourists oriented to in the context of current tourism conditions? Following the data analysis, it can be stated that the new trend makes you think of the self-service process, only this time it refers to the online contracting of the desired tourist package, so that it satisfies the tourist's desires at an affordable price. Globalization of tourism leads at the same time to the orientation of tourism towards sharing economy.
