Lower cholesterol level on admission predicts poor outcome after prolonged cardiac arrest

Abstract

Abstract Higher cholesterol level is a risk factor of coronary artery disease, the major cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD). However, smaller studies observed worse outcomes in SCD patients having lower total and LDL-cholesterol levels. Therefore, the prognostic role of cholesterol itself in patients with SCD remains to be clarified. We aimed to assess the relationship of on-admission cholesterol level to the neurological outcome in a secondary analysis of the randomized Prague OHCA trial population (extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) vs. standard approach in refractory cardiac arrest). Of 256 included patients with refractory cardiac arrest, 123 were analyzed. The effects of total, HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels drawn at admission on the best cerebral performance category (CPC) within 180 days were examined. Results are presented as median (interquartile range) and differences compared by the Wilcoxon test. Patients with CPC 1–2 had higher initial levels of total cholesterol [3.70 (3.23–4.27) mmol/L vs. 2.98 (2.35–4.02) mmol/L, p = 0.005], non-HDL cholesterol [2.68 (2.08–3.24) vs. 1.93 (1.62–2.97) mmol/L, p = 0.007 and HDL-cholesterol [0.93 (0.67–1.07) mmol/L vs. 0.74 (0.49–0.96) mmol/L, p = 0.014] compared to patients with CPC 3–5. Chronic use of statins did not influence the outcome. Only the low levels of total and non-HDL cholesterol remained consistent predictors of poor neurological outcomes in all patients and in both separate arms. Lower total and non-HDL cholesterol levels on admission are associated with worse neurological outcomes in patients with refractory cardiac arrest treated by both ECPR and standard approach.

Keywords

• Refractory cardiac arrest
• Resuscitation
• Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
• Cholesterol