Ceramic complex of the end of the Bronze Age and the transition period to the Iron Age from the settlement of Borki 1 (based on the results of 2012–2013 works)

Abstract

The article characterizes the ceramic complex of the Late Bronze Age from the settlement of Borki 1, located in Vikulovsky district of Tyumen region. The settlement is multilayer: it includes complexes of the Late Bronze Age, of the transitional time from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age, and of the Middle Ages. The article deals with complexes of the border of the Bronze and Iron Ages. This period at the settlement includes a Suzgun culture dwelling, which has been partly studied, with separate fragments and broken vessels of the Suzgun culture at the bottom of the ditch. Ceramic fragments of the Krasnoozerka culture are found in the upper part and in the space between the dwellings. According to the analysis of morphology, ornamentation and technology of manufacturing of vessels, it was established that Suzgun ceramics dominate in the complex, Krasnoozerka vessels are not numerous, features of labour skills of potters of the both cultures are similar in all studied stages of pottery production. The authors present two points of view on the historical and cultural situation on the border of the Bronze Age and the Iron Age, which is presented by materials of the settlement of Borki 1. One of them is the fact that the cape on which the settlement of Borki 1 is located, was developed twice at the End of the Bronze Age. First time, in the late period of the Late Bronze Age by representatives of the Suzgun culture, which could come into contact with populations of other cultures, which explains the co-occurrence of Suzgun pottery and ceramics with cross ornamentation in the same accumulation, and the presence of coal clay in a fragment of the Suzgun culture vessel with a partial imprint, reminiscent of a cross. Later, at the turn of the Bronze and Early Iron Ages, the site was shortly (given the small number of ceramics) visited by the Krasnoozerka culture representatives. One of the authors supposes that the entire complex of the final period of the Bronze Age of the settlement of Borki 1 can be attributed to the Krasnoozerka culture.

Keywords

• the Low Ishim river basin
• Borki 1
• the Suzgun culture
• the Krasnoozerka culture
• cera-mics
• technical and technological analysis