Nanomedicine in Neuroprotection, Neuroregeneration, and Blood–Brain Barrier Modulation: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Nanomedicine is a newer, promising approach to promote neuroprotection, neuroregeneration, and modulation of the blood–brain barrier. This review includes the integration of various nanomaterials in neurological disorders. In addition, gelatin-based hydrogels, which have huge potential due to biocompatibility, maintenance of porosity, and enhanced neural process outgrowth, are reviewed. Chemical modification of these hydrogels, especially with guanidine moieties, has shown improved neuron viability and underscores tailored biomaterial design in neural applications. This review further discusses strategies to modulate the blood–brain barrier—a factor critically associated with the effective delivery of drugs to the central nervous system. These advances bring supportive solutions to the solving of neurological conditions and innovative therapies for their treatment. Nanomedicine, as applied to neuroscience, presents a significant leap forward in new therapeutic strategies that might help raise the treatment and management of neurological disorders to much better levels. Our aim was to summarize the current state-of-knowledge in this field.

Keywords

• BBB (blood–brain barrier)
• nanofiber scaffolds
• nanomedicine
• nanomaterials
• nanoparticles
• neuronal regeneration