Anti-Bacterial Adhesion on Abiotic and Biotic Surfaces of the Exopolysaccharide from the Marine Bacillus licheniformis B3-15
Vincenzo Zammuto,
Antonio Spanò,
Eleonora Agostino,
Angela Macrì,
Claudia De Pasquale,
Guido Ferlazzo,
Maria Giovanna Rizzo,
Marco Sebastiano Nicolò,
Salvatore Guglielmino,
Concetta Gugliandolo
Affiliations
Vincenzo Zammuto
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
Antonio Spanò
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
Eleonora Agostino
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
Angela Macrì
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
Claudia De Pasquale
Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98124 Messina, Italy
Guido Ferlazzo
Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
Maria Giovanna Rizzo
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
Marco Sebastiano Nicolò
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
Salvatore Guglielmino
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
Concetta Gugliandolo
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
The eradication of bacterial biofilm represents a crucial strategy to prevent a clinical problem associated with microbial persistent infection. In this study we evaluated the ability of the exopolysaccharide (EPS) B3-15, produced by the marine Bacillus licheniformis B3-15, to prevent the adhesion and biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 on polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride surfaces. The EPS was added at different times (0, 2, 4 and 8 h), corresponding to the initial, reversible and irreversible attachment, and after the biofilm development (24 or 48 h). The EPS (300 µg/mL) impaired the initial phase, preventing bacterial adhesion even when added after 2 h of incubation, but had no effects on mature biofilms. Without exerting any antibiotic activity, the antibiofilm mechanisms of the EPS were related to the modification of the (i) abiotic surface properties, (ii) cell-surface charges and hydrophobicity, and iii) cell-to-cell aggregation. The addition of EPS downregulated the expression of genes (lecA and pslA of P. aeruginosa and clfA of S. aureus) involved in the bacterial adhesion. Moreover, the EPS reduced the adhesion of P. aeruginosa (five logs-scale) and S. aureus (one log) on human nasal epithelial cells. The EPS could represent a promising tool for the prevention of biofilm-related infections.
