H9N2 Viruses Isolated From Mammals Replicated in Mice at Higher Levels Than Avian-Origin Viruses

Haiwei Sun; Kai Wang; Wei Yao; Qinfang Liu; Qinfang Liu; Jianmei Yang; Jianmei Yang; Qiaoyang Teng; Qiaoyang Teng; Xuesong Li; Xuesong Li; Zejun Li; Zejun Li; Hongjun Chen; Hongjun Chen

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00416

Frontiers in Microbiology (Mar 2019)

H9N2 Viruses Isolated From Mammals Replicated in Mice at Higher Levels Than Avian-Origin Viruses

Haiwei Sun,
Kai Wang,
Wei Yao,
Qinfang Liu,
Qinfang Liu,
Jianmei Yang,
Jianmei Yang,
Qiaoyang Teng,
Qiaoyang Teng,
Xuesong Li,
Xuesong Li,
Zejun Li,
Zejun Li,
Hongjun Chen,
Hongjun Chen

Affiliations

Haiwei Sun: Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
Kai Wang: Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
Wei Yao: Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
Qinfang Liu: Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
Qinfang Liu: Animal Influenza Virus Ecology and Pathogenesis Innovation Team, The Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program, Shanghai, China
Jianmei Yang: Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
Jianmei Yang: Animal Influenza Virus Ecology and Pathogenesis Innovation Team, The Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program, Shanghai, China
Qiaoyang Teng: Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
Qiaoyang Teng: Animal Influenza Virus Ecology and Pathogenesis Innovation Team, The Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program, Shanghai, China
Xuesong Li: Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
Xuesong Li: Animal Influenza Virus Ecology and Pathogenesis Innovation Team, The Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program, Shanghai, China
Zejun Li: Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
Zejun Li: Animal Influenza Virus Ecology and Pathogenesis Innovation Team, The Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program, Shanghai, China
Hongjun Chen: Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
Hongjun Chen: Animal Influenza Virus Ecology and Pathogenesis Innovation Team, The Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program, Shanghai, China

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00416
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 10

Abstract

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H9N2 subtype influenza A virus (IAV) has more than 20 genotypes that are able to cross species barriers and expand from birds to mammals and humans. To better understand the impact of different H9N2 genotypes and their characteristics, five H9N2 viruses from different hosts including chickens, geese, pigs, mink, and humans representing the B69 88(Gs/14, Ck/15, and Mi/14), B35 (Sw/08) and G9 genotypes (Hu/04) were infected in chicken and mice. In mice, mammal-origin viruses replicated at higher levels in the lungs compared to avian viruses. The goose-virus replicated at the lowest levels indicating poor adaptation. Increased pro-inflammatory cytokines were positively correlated with viral loads in the lung. In chickens, all viruses were excreted from cloacal and/or oropharyngeal swabs. Interestingly, Mink-origin virus exhibited higher virulence and replication in mice and chickens. Our data indicate that mammal-origin H9N2 viruses are more adapted and virulent in mice than the avian-origin viruses.

Published in Frontiers in Microbiology

ISSN: 1664-302X (Online)
Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.
Country of publisher: Switzerland
LCC subjects: Science: Microbiology
Website: http://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology

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