Accuracy of Alvarado, Eskelinen, Ohmann, RIPASA and Tzanakis Scores in Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis; a Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Introduction: Many scoring systems have been developed to assist in diagnosis of acute appendicitis (AA). This study aimed to compare the screening performance characteristics of Alvarado, Eskelinen, Ohmann, Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha (RIPASA), and Tzanakis scores in predicting the need for appendectomy in AA patients. Methods: Our study prospectively evaluated AA patients that were treated in a tertiary hospital’s emergency department. The obtained data were used to calculate Alvarado, Tzanakis, RIPASA, Eskelinen and Ohmann scores. Patients were categorized into two groups according to their histopathological results: positive (PA) and negative appendectomy (NA). The accuracy of different scoring systems in diagnosing AA was investigated. Results: 74 patients suspected to AA with the mean age of 36.68 ± 11.97 years were studied (56.8% male). The diagnosis was histopathologically confirmed in 65 cases (87.8%). Median Alvarado, Tzanakis, RIPASA, Eskelinen and Ohmann scores were significantly higher in patients with positive appendectomy. The area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity of Tzanakis score in the cut-off value of 8 were 0.965, 84.4%, and 100%, respectively. For Ohmann and Alvarado scores, these measures were 0.941; 71.9%, 89.9% and 0.938, 60.9%, 89.9%, respectively. Tzanakis scoring system had the best screening performance in detection of cases with AA. Conclusion: Tzanakis score is more sensitive and specific than Alvarado, RIPASA, Eskelinen and Ohmann scores in identifying AA patients needing appendectomy.

Keywords

• Appendicitis
• Emergency Medicine
• Diagnosis
• Sensitivity and Specificity
• Alvarado
• Eskelinen