Timing of gestational diabetes diagnosis, gestational weight gains and offspring growth trajectory: a prospective birth cohort study

Abstract

Abstract Background The evidence on the associations of the timing of maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with the comprehensive growth trajectory from perinatal to early childhood in offspring is limited. The potential mechanism remains elusive. Our aim is to estimate the associations of the timing of GDM diagnosis and gestational weight gains (GWG) with the growth trajectory of children from perinatal to early childhood. Methods A total of 7609 participants are included from the Maternal & Infants Health in Hefei cohort study. Primary predictors were the timing of maternal GDM diagnosis and GWG during pregnancy. The main outcomes included fetal ultrasonic measurements, birth size as well as BMI peak indicators during infancy within 48 months. Results GDM diagnosed before 26 weeks was associated with increased risks of overgrowth for fetal abdominal circumference (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.04–1.36) and birth weight (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.19–1.91) when compared with unexposed. GDM diagnosis 26 weeks (P < 0.001). Conclusions Exposure to maternal GDM diagnosed before 26 weeks with early EGWG could lead to shifts and/or disruptions from the typical growth trajectory from perinatal to early childhood in offspring.

Keywords

• Gestational diabetes mellitus
• Gestational weight gain
• Pregnancy
• Growth trajectory
• Obesity