Apocynin protects the dopaminergic cell line SH-SY5Y from fumonisin B1 induced cytotoxicity through attenuation of oxidative stress mediated apoptosis

Abstract

Background: The fusarium verticillioides produces the mycotoxin fumonisin b1 (Fb1), commonly infects corn and other agricultural commodities. The Fb1 showed hepatotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and carcinogenicity in animals. Aim of the study: There are limited literature available on cytotoxicity exerted by Fb1. Hence, the present investigation aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of Fb1 and its mechanism in the neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cell line and its amelioration by apocynin. Methods: We investigated the molecular mechanism of Fb1-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells and investigated the effect of Fb1 oxidative stress markers, and apoptosis. Results: The results explained that the Fb1 showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells with the IC50 value 150 µM. Fb1 elevated reactive oxygen species and depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential, vacuolation and apoptotic changes were observed in SH-SY5Y cells. The protein expression of CAT and GPx were downregulated with Fb1 treatment, and apoptotic markers caspase-3 and caspase-8 were upregulated. When the apocynin was pretreated, followed by Fb1 exposure for 24 h, all the changes were normalized with the treatment. Hence, these results suggest that ROS is the primary upstream signal leading to increased Fb1-mediated cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Conclusion: Apocynin reversed the Fb1-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis by its antioxidant potency in SH-SY5Y cell lines.

Keywords

• Fumonisin b1
• Apocynin
• Oxidative stress
• Apoptosis
• SH-SY5Y