Ethanol and glycerol green emulsifying solvent for the formation of a Lavandula stoechas essential oil/β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex: mixture design and adulticidal activity against Culex pipiens
Amine Ez-zoubi,
Yassine Ez zoubi,
Amal Ramzi,
Mouhcine Fadil,
Abdelhakim El Ouali Lalami,
Abdellah Farah
Affiliations
Amine Ez-zoubi
Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Route d’Imouzzer, Fez, Morocco
Yassine Ez zoubi
Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Route d’Imouzzer, Fez, Morocco; Biotechnology, Environmental Technology and Valorization of Bio-resources Team, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Techniques Al-Hoceima, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco; Corresponding author.
Amal Ramzi
Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Route d’Imouzzer, Fez, Morocco
Mouhcine Fadil
Physico-Chemical Laboratory of Inorganic and Organic Materials, Materials Science Center (MSC), Ecole Normale Supérieure. Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
Abdelhakim El Ouali Lalami
Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Route d’Imouzzer, Fez, Morocco; Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques of Fez, Regional Health Directorate Fez-Meknes, El Ghassani Hospital, 30000 Fez, Morocco
Abdellah Farah
Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Route d’Imouzzer, Fez, Morocco
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of essential oil medium on the inclusion complex of L. stoechas EO in β-cyclodextrin, as well as to examine the impact of the encapsulating action on the adulticidal activity. In line with this, L. stoechas EO was hydrodistilled and determined through GC-MS. Furthermore, the optimization of EO medium was conducted using a binary mixture design of ethanol and glycerol as green emulsifier solvent. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis were used to verify the establishment of the IC. The insecticidal effect of the created formulation was evaluated against C. pipiens female mosquitoes. The optimum ethanol: glycerol ratio was 0.73: 0.27, corresponding to 58.86% of encapsulation efficiency. The fumigant test showed that, after 24 h of exposure, L. stoechas EO exerted only 24.56 ± 1.04%, while the encapsulated oil killed 57.89% of the adult population. At the highest dose (312.5 μl/L), the encapsulated oil provided the most significant effect on adults (100% mortality after 54 h) compared to non-encapsulated oil (100% mortality after 72 h). The encapsulated form of L. stoechas EO constitutes a promising alternative for the control of mosquitoes that are responsible for human diseases.
