Prevention and treatment of the refractive amblyopia in pediatric keratoconus

Abstract

Introduction: The diagnosis and management of pediatric keratoconus, establishes a challenge because of the subclinics presentations in initial periods and the specialized ophthalmological attention need to avoid complications as the refractive amblyopia. Objective: Determining the visual results of the prevention and treatment of amblyopia, in children with keratoconus attended in Pediatrics Corneal Ectasias Provincial Consultation´s in Ciego de Avila. Material and Methods: Pre-experimental study in 408 eyes of 224 pediatric patients with diagnosis of keratoconus, among May 2013 and April 2023. They determined absolute and relative frequencies, measures of dispersion and central tendency and the marginal homogeneity test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, according to the variables examined. Results: The middle ages was 10,61 years and the masculine sex predominated. The 82,1 % presented clinical or topographic evidence of bilateral keratoconus. Predominate the correction with spectacles or rigid gas permeable contact lenses. The majority presented binocular amblyopia and indication of alternating occlusive treatment's (48,5 %). Predominated the keratoconus grade I, with evidence of keratoconic progression as well as refractive and topographic variables. However, a significative increase of non-amblyopic eyes was evidenced. Conclusions: The specialized attention of pediatric keratoconus favors the prevention and treatment of the refractive amblyopia regardless of the keratoconic progression

Keywords

• queratocono
• ambliopía
• astigmatismo
• miopía
• errores de refracción
• topografía de la córnea
• niños