Catamenial dermatoses associated with autoimmune, inflammatory, and systemic diseases: A systematic review

Abstract

Background: Sex hormones are important in female sexual physiology, growth, and homeostasis. Through skin receptors, sex hormones contribute to the dermatologic pathology known as catamenial dermatoses. Objective: This study aims to summarize the literature on catamenial dermatoses and menses-induced exacerbations of chronic dermatoses. Methods: This systematic review used the PRISMA method. PubMed was searched using the terms “menses” and “skin” in July 2018, and an assessment was conducted of the relevant literature on skin diseases related to non-pathologic menstruation, such as polycystic ovarian syndrome. Pathology associated with androgenetic acne was excluded from the study. Results: A total of 102 studies with 1269 female patients were included. The most commonly reported primary catamenial dermatoses were autoimmune progesterone dermatitis and autoimmune estrogen dermatitis. The most commonly reported chronic skin disorders exacerbated by menses were psoriasis, Behcet’s disease, and eczematous dermatoses. Conclusion: Physicians should be aware of the nature of catamenial dermatoses and their presentation with normal sexual physiology. Patients with chronic dermatoses should be appropriately counseled on menstruation-related exacerbations. Further research needs to be conducted to determine the interplay between immune regulation and sex hormones in catamenial dermatoses and to elucidate effective therapies. Keywords: Catamenial, Menses, Menstruation, Menstrual cycle, Autoimmune, Progesterone, Estrogen, Dermatoses