Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine (Nov 2019)
Long‐term incidence and risk of noncardiovascular and all‐cause mortality in apparently healthy cats and cats with preclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- Philip R. Fox,
- Bruce W. Keene,
- Kenneth Lamb,
- Karsten E. Schober,
- Valérie Chetboul,
- Virginia Luis Fuentes,
- Jessie Rose Payne,
- Gerhard Wess,
- Daniel F. Hogan,
- Jonathan A. Abbott,
- Jens Häggström,
- Geoffrey Culshaw,
- Deborah Fine‐Ferreira,
- Etienne Cote,
- Emilie Trehiou‐Sechi,
- Alison A. Motsinger‐Reif,
- Reid K. Nakamura,
- Manreet Singh,
- Wendy A. Ware,
- Sabine C. Riesen,
- Michele Borgarelli,
- John E. Rush,
- Andrea Vollmar,
- Michael B. Lesser,
- Nicole Van Israel,
- Pamela Ming‐Show Lee,
- Barret Bulmer,
- Roberto Santilli,
- Maribeth J. Bossbaly,
- Nadine Quick,
- Claudio Bussadori,
- Janice Bright,
- Amara H. Estrada,
- Dan G. Ohad,
- Maria Josefa Fernández del Palacio,
- Jennifer Lunney Brayley,
- Denise S. Schwartz,
- Sonya G. Gordon,
- SeungWoo Jung,
- Christina M. Bove,
- Paola G. Brambilla,
- N. Sydney Moïse,
- Christopher Stauthammer,
- Cecilia Quintavalla,
- Ferenc Manczur,
- Rebecca L. Stepien,
- Carmel Mooney,
- Yong‐Wei Hung,
- Remo Lobetti,
- Alice Tamborini,
- Mark A. Oyama,
- Andrey Komolov,
- Yoko Fujii,
- Romain Pariaut,
- Masami Uechi,
- Victoria Yukie Tachika Ohara
Affiliations
- Philip R. Fox
- Animal Medical Center New York New York U.S.A.
- Bruce W. Keene
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Department of Clinical Sciences Raleigh North Carolina U.S.A.
- Kenneth Lamb
- Lamb Consulting Minneapolis Minnesota U.S.A.
- Karsten E. Schober
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio U.S.A.
- Valérie Chetboul
- Alfort Cardiology Unit, École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort Maisons‐Alfort Cedex France
- Virginia Luis Fuentes
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College Hatfield United Kingdom
- Jessie Rose Payne
- Highcroft Veterinary Referrals Bristol United Kingdom
- Gerhard Wess
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Ludwig‐Maximillians University Munich Germany
- Daniel F. Hogan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana U.S.A.
- Jonathan A. Abbott
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia‐Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine Blacksburg Virginia U.S.A.
- Jens Häggström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
- Geoffrey Culshaw
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, R(D)SVS Hospital for Small Animals Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, The University of Edinburgh Midlothian United Kingdom
- Deborah Fine‐Ferreira
- Ali'i Veterinary Hospital Kailua‐Kona Hawaii U.S.A.
- Etienne Cote
- Atlantic Veterinary College, Univertisy of PEI—Department of Companion Animals Charlottetown Prince Edward Island Canada
- Emilie Trehiou‐Sechi
- École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Cardiology Unit of Alfort—Université Paris‐Est Maisons‐Alfort France
- Alison A. Motsinger‐Reif
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina U.S.A.
- Reid K. Nakamura
- Advanced Veterinary Care Center—Cardiology Lawndale California U.S.A.
- Manreet Singh
- Veterinary Cardiac Referrals—Cardiology Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Wendy A. Ware
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University Ames Iowa U.S.A.
- Sabine C. Riesen
- Kardiovet Burgdorf Switzerland
- Michele Borgarelli
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia‐Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine Blacksburg Virginia U.S.A.
- John E. Rush
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine North Grafton Massachusetts U.S.A.
- Andrea Vollmar
- Small Animal Clinic Wissen and Bonn Germany
- Michael B. Lesser
- Advanced Veterinary Care Center Lawndale California U.S.A.
- Nicole Van Israel
- Animal CardioPulmonary Consultancy Masta Belgium
- Pamela Ming‐Show Lee
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University Pullman Washington U.S.A.
- Barret Bulmer
- Tufts Veterinary Emergency Treatment & Specialties Walpole Massachusetts U.S.A.
- Roberto Santilli
- Department of Cardiology, Clinica Veterinaria Malpensa Varese Italy
- Maribeth J. Bossbaly
- Veterinary Specialty & Emergency Center Levittown Pennsylvania U.S.A.
- Nadine Quick
- Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Munich, Clinic of Small Animal Medicine Munich Germany
- Claudio Bussadori
- Department of Cardiology, Clinica Veterinaria Gran Sasso Milano Italy
- Janice Bright
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado U.S.A.
- Amara H. Estrada
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine Gainesville Florida U.S.A.
- Dan G. Ohad
- The Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel
- Maria Josefa Fernández del Palacio
- Departmento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Universidad de Murcia Murcia Spain
- Jennifer Lunney Brayley
- Veterinary Medical Specialists of Houston Houston Texas U.S.A.
- Denise S. Schwartz
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
- Sonya G. Gordon
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University College Station Texas U.S.A.
- SeungWoo Jung
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University Auburn Alabama U.S.A.
- Christina M. Bove
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado U.S.A.
- Paola G. Brambilla
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan Milan Italy
- N. Sydney Moïse
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University Ithaca New York U.S.A.
- Christopher Stauthammer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota U.S.A.
- Cecilia Quintavalla
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma Parma Italy
- Ferenc Manczur
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest Hungary
- Rebecca L. Stepien
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Veterinary Medicine Madison Wisconsin U.S.A.
- Carmel Mooney
- University College Dublin Veterinary Hospital, University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Yong‐Wei Hung
- Cardiospecial Veterinary Hospital Taipei Taiwan
- Remo Lobetti
- Bryanston Veterinary Hospital Bryanston South Africa
- Alice Tamborini
- Department of Small Animal Medicine, University College Veterinary Hospital, University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Mark A. Oyama
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania U.S.A.
- Andrey Komolov
- Veterinary Clinic Beliy Clyk Moscow Russia
- Yoko Fujii
- Laboratory of Surgery 1, Azabu University Sagamihara Japan
- Romain Pariaut
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Cornell University Ithaca New York U.S.A.
- Masami Uechi
- Jasmine Animal Cardiovascular Center Yokohama Japan
- Victoria Yukie Tachika Ohara
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Zootechnics for Small Species, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City Mexico
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15609
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 33,
no. 6
pp. 2572 – 2586
Abstract
Abstract Background Epidemiologic knowledge regarding noncardiovascular and all‐cause mortality in apparently healthy cats (AH) and cats with preclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (pHCM) is limited, hindering development of evidence‐based healthcare guidelines. Objectives To characterize/compare incidence rates, risk, and survival associated with noncardiovascular and all‐cause mortality in AH and pHCM cats. Animals A total of 1730 client‐owned cats (722 AH, 1008 pHCM) from 21 countries. Methods Retrospective, multicenter, longitudinal, cohort study. Long‐term health data were extracted by medical record review and owner/referring veterinarian interviews. Results Noncardiovascular death occurred in 534 (30.9%) of 1730 cats observed up to 15.2 years. Proportion of noncardiovascular death did not differ significantly between cats that at study enrollment were AH or had pHCM (P = .48). Cancer, chronic kidney disease, and conditions characterized by chronic weight‐loss‐vomiting‐diarrhea‐anorexia were the most frequently recorded noncardiovascular causes of death. Incidence rates/risk of noncardiac death increased with age in AH and pHCM. All‐cause death proportions were greater in pHCM than AH (65% versus 40%, respectively; P < .001) because of higher cardiovascular mortality in pHCM cats. Comparing AH with pHCM, median survival (study entry to noncardiovascular death) did not differ (AH, 9.8 years; pHCM, 8.6 years; P = .10), but all‐cause survival was significantly shorter in pHCM (P = .0001). Conclusions and Clinical Importance All‐cause mortality was significantly greater in pHCM cats due to disease burden contributed by increased cardiovascular death superimposed upon noncardiovascular death.
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