Enhancement in Combustion, Performance, and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Ce-ZnO Nanoparticle Additive Added to Soybean Biodiesel Blends
Fayaz Hussain,
Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar,
Asif Afzal,
M.A. Mujtaba,
I.M. Rizwanul Fattah,
Bharat Naik,
Mohammed Huzaifa Mulla,
Irfan Anjum Badruddin,
T. M. Yunus Khan,
Vallapudi Dhana Raju,
Rakhamaji S. Gavhane,
S.M. Ashrafur Rahman
Affiliations
Fayaz Hussain
Modeling Evolutionary Algorithms Simulation and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
Asif Afzal
Department of Mechanical Engineering, P.A. College of Engineering (Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi), Mangaluru 574153, India
M.A. Mujtaba
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
I.M. Rizwanul Fattah
School of Information, Systems, and Modelling, Faculty of Engineering and I.T., University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
Bharat Naik
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jain College of Engineering, Belagavi 590014, India
Mohammed Huzaifa Mulla
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jain College of Engineering & Technology Hubballi, Hubli 580032, Karnataka, India
Irfan Anjum Badruddin
Research Centre for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Asir, Saudi Arabia
T. M. Yunus Khan
Research Centre for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Asir, Saudi Arabia
Vallapudi Dhana Raju
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lakireddy Bali Reddy College of Engineering, Mylavaram, Andhra Pradesh 521230, India
Rakhamaji S. Gavhane
Amrutvahini College of Engineering, (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune), Sangamner, Ahmednagar 422608, Maharashtra, India
S.M. Ashrafur Rahman
Biofuel Engine Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
This study considered the impacts of diesel–soybean biodiesel blends mixed with 3% cerium coated zinc oxide (Ce-ZnO) nanoparticles on the performance, emission, and combustion characteristics of a single cylinder diesel engine. The fuel blends were prepared using 25% soybean biodiesel in diesel (SBME25). Ce-ZnO nanoparticle additives were blended with SBME25 at 25, 50, and 75 ppm using the ultrasonication process with a surfactant (Span 80) at 2 vol.% to enhance the stability of the blend. A variable compression ratio engine operated at a 19.5:1 compression ratio (CR) using these blends resulted in an improvement in overall engine characteristics. With 50 ppm Ce-ZnO nanoparticle additive in SBME25 (SBME25Ce-ZnO50), the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and heat release rate (HRR) increased by 20.66% and 18.1%, respectively; brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) by 21.81%; and the CO, smoke, and hydrocarbon (HC) decreased by 30%, 18.7%, and 21.5%, respectively, compared to SBME25 fuel operation. However, the oxides of nitrogen slightly rose for all the nanoparticle added blends. As such, 50 ppm of Ce-ZnO nanoparticle in the blend is a potent choice for the enhancement of engine performance, combustion, and emission characteristics.
