Agronomía Colombiana (Dec 1998)

Caracterización fisicoquímica y fisiológica del fruto de maraco (Theobroma bicolor H.B.K.) durante su desarrollo Physicochemical and physiological characterization of the fruit of macaro (Theobroma bicolor H.B.K.) during its development

  • Hernández G. María Soledad,
  • Casas Adriana E.,
  • Martínez W. Orlando,
  • Galvis V. Jesús A.

Journal volume & issue
Vol. 15, no. 2 y 3
pp. 172 – 180

Abstract

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El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar fisiológicamente el desarrollo y la maduración del fruto de maraca y encontrar parámetros que permitan su adecuado manejo en pre y poscosecha. Las muestras de los frutos requeridos para el trabajo procedieron del Centro Experimental El Trueno del Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Científicas SINCHI. Los análisis de laboratorio se llevaron a cabo en el Laboratorio de Postcosecha de la Planta de Vegetales del ICTA de la Universidad Nacional. Para alcanzar los objetivos se determinaron los cambios fisiológicos y fisicoquímicos más importantes durante la fase reproductiva del cultivo, estableciéndose la curva del patrón respiratorio y las variaciones de pH, acidez (% Acido cítrico), grados brix (%), azúcares reductores y totales (mg glu/100 g pulpa), vitamina C (mg Acido ascórbico/100g pulpa) e índice de madurez. La fase de madurez comercial se contempló desde los 83 días, donde la respiración mostró valores muy bajos; sólo a los 113 días, al finalizar el estudio se observó un incremento de la intensidad respiratoria, condición característica de los frutos clirnatéricos. 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</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">This study was carried out to characterize the physiological developement and maturity of maraco fruit in arder to determine an adequate harvest and postharvest handling of the fruit. It was measured the physiological and physicochemical changes during the reproductive stage of the plant. It was determined a respiratory curve of either pH, acidity, brix, reduced and total sugars, vitamin C and maturity index variations. The commercial ripening stage was considered from 83 day, where the respiratory intensity showed the lowest value to the day 113. At this point it was observed an increase of the respiratory intensity, indicative of the climateric condition of maraco's fruit. This behavior was also accompanied with an increase in<br /> pH, brix and total and reduced sugars.</span></p>

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