Heliyon (Apr 2024)
Appraisal of extended cane length and fruit thinning strategies on the performance of growth yield and quality of kiwifruit
Abstract
The kiwifruit has been identified as an enormous fruit for mid-hill horticulture due to its wider adaptability and diversification. The size and quality of kiwifruit were affected by its market. As a result, appropriate canopy management and orchard techniques are key components in its production. Pruning and hand thinning, especially in kiwifruit, have been observed to improve the size and quality of the fruit. Traditional pruning maintained shorter canes with 6–12 nodes and 4 fruits/shoots. However, this study extended cane length and retained loads of 20 nodes/cane and 6 fruits/shoot. Considering the above, a study was conducted to determine the effects of extended cane length and fruit thinning on kiwifruit growth, yield, and fruiting performance. Five pruning levels have been employed: 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 nodes/cane; 4, 6, and 8 fruits/fruiting shoot. The result revealed that the pruning of up to 12 nodes/cane coupled with thinning up to 6 fruits/fruiting shoot resulted in maximum cane diameter, leaf area, leaf: fruit ratio, advancement in flower initiation, bud break percentage (86.79 %), real fertility index, fruit yield and a proportion of grade “A'' fruits. The highest leaf chlorophyll content (67.50), flowers per floral shoot, and productivity were recorded with pruning up to 16 nodes/cane coupled with thinning up to 6 fruits/fruiting shoot. The physico-chemical parameters such as fruit weight, diameter, volume, TSS, TSS: acid ratio, total sugars, and C: N ratio of the leaf and shoot were also found to be highest with pruning up to 12 nodes/cane coupled with thinning up to 6 fruits/fruiting shoot. This treatment also gave the maximum net return on a per-hectare basis, hence it was found to be the most profitable for the farmers.
