Stochastic Dynamics of the COVID-19 Case-Fatality Ratios in Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines: Economic Implications for the Post-COVID-19 Era

Zili Shi; Hua Zhang; Ren Zhang; Lili Zhu

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.755047

Frontiers in Public Health (Sep 2021)

Stochastic Dynamics of the COVID-19 Case-Fatality Ratios in Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines: Economic Implications for the Post-COVID-19 Era

Zili Shi,
Hua Zhang,
Ren Zhang,
Lili Zhu

Affiliations

Zili Shi: School of International Business and Economics, Henan University of Economics and Law, Zhengzhou, China
Hua Zhang: School of Economics and Academy of Financial Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Ren Zhang: McCoy College of Business Administration, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, United States
Lili Zhu: School of Business, Shenandoah University, Winchester, VA, United States

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.755047
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 9

Abstract

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This paper analyses the stochastic dynamics of the COVID-19 Case-Fatality Ratios (CFR) in three developing economies in East Asia: Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. The sample covers the daily frequency data from April 28, 2020, to June 29, 2021. For this purpose, we utilize two unit root tests, which consider one structural break and two structural breaks. The findings reveal that the CFR follows a unit root process in Indonesia and the Philippines. However, the CFR is stationary in Malaysia. This evidence indicates that the COVID-19 has a permanent effect in Indonesia and the Philippines but temporary in Malaysia. The paper also discusses the potential economic implications of these results for the post-COVID-19 era in the related developing economies.

Published in Frontiers in Public Health

ISSN: 2296-2565 (Online)
Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.
Country of publisher: Switzerland
LCC subjects: Medicine: Public aspects of medicine
Website: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health

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