Ancient Russian Materials in the Perm Cis-Urals During the 10th–11th Centuries

Abstract

The article examines the interaction of the Middle Cis-Urals with Russia as an important factor in ethnic and cultural process in the Middle Ages. During the 10th –11th centuries, this interaction was based on trade relations alongside with active intermediary role of the Volga Bulgaria. The Middle Ages Cis-Urals items of south Russian origin found on the settlements appeared as a result of this trade. In the 12th – 13th, centuries, the territory populated by the early Russian people approached the Cis-Urals. Russian towns (Glyaden and Ustyug) appeared, as well as hillforts of the Vym culture with mixed Slavic-Finnish population. Thus, a network of basic Russian colonies in the northern Cis-Urals region was formed. Infiltration of the mixed population from the regions of European North-East to the Middle Cis-Urals begins in the 13th –14th centuries. This is proved by archaeological materials and innovations in everyday life of the Kama river region’s inhabitants. According to the authors, the Plotnikovo burial ground of the 13th – 14th centuries in the Perm land is a bright example of such infiltration and spread of super-ethnic culture of the European North.

Keywords

• archaeology
• the Middle Cis-Urals
• Ancient Russia
• the Middle Ages
• trade
• migration
• colonization