A deep‐hole microblasting technique for controlling coal wall spalling during mining of a vertically jointed seam

Abstract

Abstract The vertically‐jointed coal seam, especially after water drainage, is easy to lead to large‐area coal wall spalling (CWS). To alleviate the problem, a strut subjected to equivalent central‐concentrated force was proposed for elaborating critical conditions for coal instability based on CWS characteristics, determining the main control factors. The sensitivity analysis of factors driving CWS revealed that the coal between 3.3 and 4.56 m was the most vulnerable. A microblasting technique was proposed for controlling CWS by increasing the friction coefficient at the weakened‐primary coal interface, improving the coal stress, and reducing the equivalent mining height. The paper presented the application of universal distinct element code models to simulate the CWS mechanism with different joint mechanical parameters and microblasting heights. The reduction of spalling intensity indicates that the microblasting weakening of the upper part coal could improve the overall stability of the coal. LS‐DYNA is employed for simulating the fractures development between blasting holes, and the rationality of optimized blasting parameters is revealed. The fracture characteristics of the observation hole in field demonstrated that the hole was effectively fractured by microblasting. The spalling parameters including depth, width and frequency were obviously reduced, which showed the rationality in microexplosion controlling spalling.

Keywords

• coal wall spalling
• joint mechanical parameters
• microblasting
• spalling dimensions and frequency
• vertically jointed seam