GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT DISEASES: A LONG-TERM EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY

Abstract

Objective: To conduct a comprehensive epidemiological analysis of medical and demographic factors related to GITD within the Russian Federation population from 2010 to 2022. Methods: Descriptive statistics were utilized to analyze the data from the statistical compilation "Healthcare in Russia" of the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) for the Russian Federation between 2010 and 2022. The Shapiro-Wilk test was employed to assess the normality of the quantitative data distribution. Results: In 2010, a share of GITD stood at 7.1% of the total morbidity burden (TMB), which decreased to 6% by 2022. A closer examination of mortality rates associated with these diseases revealed an overall increase of 9.3%. This translates to an average of 66.7 deaths per 100,000 individuals, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) ranging from 64.2 to 69.3. In working-age populations, the increase was slightly lower at 4.2%, with a recorded rate of 48.8 deaths per 100,000 and a 95% CI from 46.4 to 51.2. Mortality rates also varied by gender: the male population showed a modest increase of 1.1%, with a death rate of 65.2 (95% CI 59.3-71.1), while the women population demonstrated a sharper rise of 12%, reporting an average of 27.6 deaths (95% CI 25.8-29.3). On a more positive note, GITB mortality among children aged 0-14 years saw a significant decline, dropping by 1.75 times, resulting in a rate of 0.70 [0.50-0.70]. In the youngest age group, children under 1 year old experienced an even more dramatic drop, with rates falling by 2.5 times to 0.40 [0.30-0.50]. Overall, the GITD prevalence in the population decreased by 7.3%. Among specific conditions, gastric and duodenal ulcers showed a notable reduction, declining by 1.5 times. Additionally, an epidemiological analysis revealed a significant decrease in the GITD incidence rates, which fell by 18.8%, while gastric and duodenal ulcer rates dropped by 1.6 times. Conclusion: The epidemiological analysis of medical and demographic factors revealed trends in the increasing mortality rates associated with GITD. However, there has also been a noted decrease in the prevalence and incidence of GITD among the population. These findings highlight the importance of implementing comprehensive preventive measures, such as expanding the coverage of medical examinations, introducing new screening methods, and promoting a healthy lifestyle

Keywords

• gastrointestinal tract disease
• morbidity
• mortality
• epidemiology.