Archivo Médico de Camagüey (Oct 2018)
Viral etiology of the acute infections of the lower respiratory tract in Cuba
Abstract
Background: acute respiratory infections are the main cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, with respiratory viruses as main causative agents. Objective: to determine the paper of different respiratory viruses in the etiology of the severe acute respiratory infections during the period May 2012- June 2013, in Cuba. Methods: a transverse analytical study was carried out, the universe there were the clinical samples received in the National Laboratory of Reference (LNR) of Respiratory Viruses of the Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kourí (IPK) as part of the alertness of the IRA of possible viral etiology, from May 1, 2012 and June 30, 2013. There were studied 1 604 samples proceeding from patients of all the ages with clinical declarations. For the diagnosis, there were used three essays of multiple TR-RCP of sheltered type and a TR-RCP in real-time. Results: rhinoviruses were the agents largely identified, followed by the Influenza viruses and the respiratory syncytial virus. The ones of bigger frequency in patients with severe acute respiratory infection were Influenza viruses demonstrating significant association (OR 6,437; 95 % CI: 3,407-12,159; p= 0,000) and in patients <1 year old it was also found association with the detection of respiratory syncytial virus; correlation was also in the population of 15-59 years with the viruses Influenza (p= 0,000). The Influenza virus B circulated mainly between the months of May and September of the year 2012, while the virus Influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 predominated during 2013. Conclusions: the results of this investigation allow explaining the specific contribution of the different respiratory viruses in the etiology of said pathology. At the same time, they alert the national programs of the need to centralize the efforts in vigilance of this type of infection to achieve opportune identification of health events unusual for the viruses Influenza. DeCS: RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUSES; ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS/etiology; RHINOVIRUS; INFLUENZA B VIRUS.
