CFD Study on the Ventilation Effectiveness in a Public Toilet under Three Ventilation Methods
Zhonghua Zhang,
Lingjie Zeng,
Huixian Shi,
Hua Liu,
Wenjun Yin,
Haowen Shen,
Libin Yang,
Jun Gao,
Lina Wang,
Yalei Zhang,
Xuefei Zhou
Affiliations
Zhonghua Zhang
National Engineering Research Center of Protected Agriculture, New Rural Development Institute of Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
Lingjie Zeng
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
Huixian Shi
National Engineering Research Center of Protected Agriculture, New Rural Development Institute of Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
Hua Liu
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
Wenjun Yin
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
Haowen Shen
National Engineering Research Center of Protected Agriculture, New Rural Development Institute of Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
Libin Yang
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
Jun Gao
School of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
Lina Wang
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
Yalei Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
Xuefei Zhou
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
The indoor air quality (IAQ) of severely polluted toilets is associated with the transmission of diseases. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods and experimental measurements were used to analyze the diffusion characteristics of pollutants. This study investigated the diffusion characteristics and normalized concentration of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide pollutants under three ventilation systems—mixing ventilation (MV), personalized ventilation (PV), and impinging jet ventilation (IJV)—in a public toilet. The mean age of air (MAA) and air exchange efficiency (AEE) were also analyzed in our study. The results show that the MV scheme has a poor removal effect on pollutants compared with PV and IJV. IJV has advantages in reducing the normalized concentration of pollutants and improving the IAQ. Increasing the number of air changes per hour (ACH) may lead to a longer MAA and reduced air exchange efficiency. Choosing an appropriate number of air changes is very important to improve the IAQ in the toilet.
