PECULIARITIES OF STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHANGES OF BLOOD CIRCULATION INDICATORS OF PERSONS ENGAGED IN BODYBUILDING

Abstract

Athletic gymnastics in its wide variety is currently the most common means of physical culture and is used primarily for the development of strength, for the formation of skeletal muscles and more. Bodybuilding as a special system of physical exercises, mainly strength with different loads, aims at the comprehensive development of the athlete’s muscular system, improving his physique, developing harmonious physical features, increasing muscle relief and more. Like any other sport, bodybuilding contributes to the overall health of man, is characterized by a multifaceted positive impact on the activities of organs and systems. Heart rate in bodybuilders demonstrates the variability inherent in sports that train the property of cardiorespiratory endurance. As the length of bodybuilding increases, this figure decreases, which can be considered a manifestation of sinus bradycardia. The most significant manifestation of rest bradycardia is recorded in people who have been bodybuilding for 4 years or more. The magnitude of the stroke volume of blood increases significantly and almost doubles the same rate in untrained people. These structural and functional changes in competitive athletes are an adaptation to the specific hemodynamic overload caused by training. The minute volume of blood increases against the background of energy saving of the heart. Systematic bodybuilding classes also lead to functional heart remodeling. The total peripheral resistance in bodybuilders is lower than in untrained individuals. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure in professional bodybuilders are slightly higher than untrained individuals. This may be due to the fact that bodybuilding is a sport in which repeated muscle tension leads to activation of the pressor of the hemodynamic center, to increased sympathetic effects on the vessels of resistance, and as a consequence – to an increase in total peripheral resistance and blood pressure.

Keywords

• bodybuilding
• cardiovascular system
• structural and functional changes
• physical activity