Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia (Mar 2011)
Educação e monitorização por telefone de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca: ensaio clínico randomizado Educación y monitoreo por teléfono de pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca: ensayo clínico randomizado Education and telephone monitoring by nurses of patients with heart failure: randomized clinical trial
Abstract
FUNDAMENTO: Diferentes abordagens de enfermagem no manejo de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca (IC) tem demonstrado benefícios na redução da morbidade e mortalidade. Entretanto, a combinação de educação intra-hospitalar com contato telefônico após a alta hospitalar tem sido pouco explorada. OBJETIVO: Comparar dois grupos de intervenção de enfermagem entre pacientes hospitalizados devido à IC descompensada: o grupo intervenção (GI) recebeu intervenção educativa de enfermagem durante a hospitalização, seguida de monitorização por telefone após a alta hospitalar e o grupo controle (GC) recebeu apenas a intervenção hospitalar. Os desfechos foram conhecimento da IC e autocuidado, número de visitas à emergência, re-hospitalizações e morte em um período de três meses. MÉTODOS: Ensaio clínico randomizado. Pacientes adultos com IC e fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) FUNDAMENTO: Diferentes abordajes de enfermería en el manejo de pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) han demostrado beneficios en la reducción de la morbilidad y mortalidad. Entre tanto, la combinación de educación intrahospitalaria con contacto telefónico después del alta hospitalaria ha sido poco explorada. OBJETIVO: Comparar dos grupos de intervención de enfermería entre pacientes hospitalizados debido a IC descompensada: el grupo intervención (GI) recibió intervención educativa de enfermería durante la hospitalización, seguida de monitoreo por teléfono después del alta hospitalaria y el grupo control (GC) recibió apenas la intervención hospitalaria. Los desenlaces fueron conocimiento de IC y autocuidado, número de visitas a la emergencia, rehospitalizaciones y muerte en un período de tres meses. MÉTODOS: Ensayo clínico randomizado. Pacientes adultos con IC y fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo (FEVI) BACKGROUND: Nursing approaches to manage patients with heart failure (HF) showed benefits in reducing the morbidity and mortality. However, combining intra-hospital education with telephone contact after hospital discharge has been little explored. OBJECTIVE: To compare two nursing intervention groups among patients hospitalized due to decompensated HF: the intervention group (IG) received educational nursing intervention during hospitalization followed by telephone monitoring after discharge and the control group (CG) received in-hospital intervention only. Outcomes were levels of HF and self-care knowledge, the frequency of visits to the emergency room, rehospitalizations and deaths in a three-month period. METHODS: Randomized clinical trial. We studied adult HF patients with left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) < 45% who could be contacted by telephone after discharge. HF awareness was evaluated through a standardized questionnaire that also included questions regarding self-care knowledge, which was answered during the hospitalization period and three months later. For patients in the IG group contacts were made using phone calls and final interviews were conducted in both groups at end of the study. RESULTS: Forty-eight patients were assigned to the IG and 63 to the CG. Mean age (63 ± 13 years) and L (around 29%) were similar in the two groups. Scores for HF and self-care knowledge were similar at baseline. Three months later, both groups showed significantly improved HF awareness and self-care knowledge scores (P < 0.001). Other outcomes were similar. CONCLUSION: An in-hospital educational nursing intervention benefitted all HF patients in understanding their disease, regardless of telephone contact after discharge.
