Phenolic Composition, Wound Healing, Antinociceptive, and Anticancer Effects of <i>Caralluma europaea</i> Extracts
Fatima Ez-Zahra Amrati,
Mohamed Chebaibi,
Renata Galvão de Azevedo,
Raffaele Conte,
Meryem Slighoua,
Ibrahim Mssillou,
Sotirios Kiokias,
Alice de Freitas Gomes,
Gemilson Soares Pontes,
Dalila Bousta
Affiliations
Fatima Ez-Zahra Amrati
Laboratory of Biotechnology, Health, Agrofood and Environment (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
Mohamed Chebaibi
Biomedical and Translational Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of the Fez, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez 30000, Morocco
Renata Galvão de Azevedo
Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus 69067-375, Brazil
Raffaele Conte
Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET)-CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
Meryem Slighoua
Laboratory of Biotechnology, Health, Agrofood and Environment (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
Ibrahim Mssillou
Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
Sotirios Kiokias
European Research Executive Agency (REA), 1210 Bruxelles, Belgium
Alice de Freitas Gomes
Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus 69067-375, Brazil
Gemilson Soares Pontes
Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus 69067-375, Brazil
Dalila Bousta
Laboratory of Biotechnology, Health, Agrofood and Environment (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
Caralluma europaea (Guss.) is an important medicinal plant widely used in Morocco for various traditional purposes. Our work aimed to evaluate the phenolic composition, wound healing, antinociceptive, and anticancer activities of C. europaea extracts. Moreover, this study assessed the beneficial effect of C. europaea phytocompounds on the TRADD, cyclooxegenase-2, Wnt/β-catenin, and tyrosine kinase signaling pathways. The wound healing effect of C. europaea formulations against skin burn was evaluated for 21 days. The cytotoxic effect of the C. europaea extracts was evaluated against human leukemic (K562 and HL60) and liver cancer cell lines (Huh-7) using the MTT test. All the phytoconstituents identified by UHPLC in the polyphenols were docked for their inhibitory power on protein casein kinase-1, glycogen synthase kinase-3-β, cyclooxegenase-2, tyrosine kinase, and TRADD. Luteolin and kaempferol are the main compounds identified in C. europaea polyphenols. The group treated with polyphenols showed the greatest wound contractions and all tested extracts presented a significant antinociceptive effect. Polyphenols showed a remarkable antitumoral activity against the K562, HL60 and Huh-7 cell lines. Saponins exerted an important cytotoxic effect against the Huh-7 cell line, whereas no cytotoxicity was observed for the hydroethanolic and flavonoids extracts. Hesperetin and trimethoxyflavone presented the highest docking G-score on tyrosine kinase and cyclooxygenase, respectively.
