International Journal of Nanomedicine (Jul 2019)
Investigation of silver nanoparticles on titanium surface created by ion implantation technology
Abstract
István Lampé,1 Dezső Beke,2 Sándor Biri,3 István Csarnovics,4 Attila Csik,3 Zsuzsanna Dombrádi,5 Péter Hajdu,3 Viktória Hegedűs,6 Richárd Rácz,3 István Varga,7 Csaba Hegedűs11Department of Biomaterials and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; 2Department of Solid State Physics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; 3Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Nuclear Research, Debrecen, Hungary; 4Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; 5Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; 6Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; 7Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, HungaryObjectives: Using dental Ti implants has become a well-accepted and used method for replacing missing dentition. It has become evident that in many cases peri-implant inflammation develops. The objective was to create and evaluate the antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticle (Ag-NP) coated Ti surfaces that can help to prevent such processes if applied on the surface of dental implants.Methods: Annealing I, Ag ion implantation by the beam of an Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS), Ag Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD), Annealing II procedures were used, respectively, to create a safely anchored Ag-NP layer on 1x1 cm2, Grade 2 titanium samples. The antibacterial effect was evaluated by culturing Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213) on the surfaces of the samples for 8 hours, and comparing the results to that of glass as control and of pure titanium samples. Alamar Blue assay was carried out to check cytotoxicity.Results: It was proved that silver nanoparticles were present on the treated surfaces. The average diameter of the particles was 58 nm, with a 25 nm deviation and Gaussian distribution, the the filling factor was 25%. Antibacterial evaluation revealed that the nanoparticle covered samples had an antibacterial effect of 64.6% that was statistically significant. Tests also proved that the nanoparticles are safely anchored to the titanium surface and are not cytotoxic.Conclusion: Creating a silver nanoparticle layer can be an option to add antibacterial features to the implant surface and to help in the prevention of peri-implant inflammatory processes. Recent studies demonstrated that silver nanoparticles can induce pathology in mammal cells, thus safe fixation of the particles is essential to prevent them from getting into the circulation.Keywords: implants, peri-implant inflammation, oxyde layer, cytocompatibility, antibacterial effect, physical vapor deposition, geometrical model
