Coexisting nutcracker phenomenon and refractory hypertension in a patient with IgA nephropathy: A case report and literature review

Abstract

Key Clinical MessageThe entrapment of the left renal vein (LRV) may contribute to changes in hemodynamics within kidney and could also be associated with IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Although the relationship between the nutcracker phenomenon and IgAN has not yet been elucidated, it is speculated that this patient's refractory hypertension is a combined effect of nutcracker syndrome (NCS) and IgAN.

Keywords

• hypertension
• IgA nephropathy
• left renal vein
• nutcracker syndrome