A Robust Fractional-Order Control Scheme for PV-Penetrated Grid-Connected Microgrid

Abstract

This article presents a new cascaded control strategy to control the power flow in a renewable-energy-based microgrid operating in grid-connected mode. The microgrid model is composed of an AC utility grid interfaced with a multi-functional grid interactive converter (MF-GIC) acting as a grid-forming converter, a photovoltaic (PV) power-generation system acting as grid-feeding distributed generation unit, and various sensitive/non-sensitive customer loads. The proposed control strategy consists of a fractional order PI (FO-PI) controller to smoothly regulate the power flow between the utility grid, distributed generation unit, and the customers. The proposed controller exploits the advantages of FO (Fractional Order) calculus in improving the steady-state and dynamic performance of the renewable-energy-based microgrid under various operating conditions and during system uncertainties. To tune the control parameters of the proposed controller, a recently developed evaporation-rate-based water-cycle algorithm (ERWCA) is utilized. The performance of the proposed control strategy is tested under various operating conditions to show its efficacy over the conventional controller. The result shows that the proposed controller is effective and robust in maintaining all the system parameters within limits under all operating conditions, including system uncertainties.

Keywords

• microgrid
• renewable energy
• power management
• FO-PI
• ER-WCA