Diversity and evolution of tyrosinase enzymes involved in the adhesive systems of mussels and tubeworms
Emilie Duthoo,
Jérôme Delroisse,
Barbara Maldonado,
Fabien Sinot,
Cyril Mascolo,
Ruddy Wattiez,
Pascal Jean Lopez,
Cécile Van de Weerdt,
Matthew J. Harrington,
Patrick Flammang
Affiliations
Emilie Duthoo
Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Place du Parc 23, 7000 Mons, Belgium
Jérôme Delroisse
Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Place du Parc 23, 7000 Mons, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, 11 avenue de l'hôpital, 4000 Liège, Belgium
Barbara Maldonado
Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Place du Parc 23, 7000 Mons, Belgium; Molecular Biomimetic and Protein Engineering Laboratory, GIGA, University of Liège, 11 avenue de l'hôpital, 4000 Liège, Belgium
Fabien Sinot
Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Place du Parc 23, 7000 Mons, Belgium
Cyril Mascolo
Laboratory of Proteomics and Microbiology, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Place du Parc 23, 7000 Mons, Belgium
Ruddy Wattiez
Laboratory of Proteomics and Microbiology, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Place du Parc 23, 7000 Mons, Belgium
Pascal Jean Lopez
UMR Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, MNHN/CNRS-7208 Sorbonne Université/IRD-207/UCN /UA, 43 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
Cécile Van de Weerdt
Molecular Biomimetic and Protein Engineering Laboratory, GIGA, University of Liège, 11 avenue de l'hôpital, 4000 Liège, Belgium
Matthew J. Harrington
Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada; Corresponding author
Patrick Flammang
Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Place du Parc 23, 7000 Mons, Belgium; Corresponding author
Summary: Mussels and tubeworms have evolved similar adhesive systems to cope with the hydrodynamics of intertidal environments. Both secrete adhesive proteins rich in DOPA, a post-translationally modified amino acid playing essential roles in their permanent adhesion. DOPA is produced by the hydroxylation of tyrosine residues by tyrosinase enzymes, which can also oxidize it further into dopaquinone. We have compiled a catalog of the tyrosinases potentially involved in the adhesive systems of Mytilus edulis and Sabellaria alveolata. Some were shown to be expressed in the adhesive glands, with a high gland specificity in mussels but not in tubeworms. The diversity of tyrosinases identified in the two species suggests the coexistence of different enzymatic activities and substrate specificities. However, the exact role of the different enzymes needs to be further investigated. Phylogenetic analyses support the hypothesis of independent expansions and parallel evolution of tyrosinases involved in DOPA-based adhesion in both lineages.
