Sensors (Jan 2023)
Human–Computer Interaction with a Real-Time Speech Emotion Recognition with Ensembling Techniques 1D Convolution Neural Network and Attention
Abstract
Emotions have a crucial function in the mental existence of humans. They are vital for identifying a person’s behaviour and mental condition. Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) is extracting a speaker’s emotional state from their speech signal. SER is a growing discipline in human–computer interaction, and it has recently attracted more significant interest. This is because there are not so many universal emotions; therefore, any intelligent system with enough computational capacity can educate itself to recognise them. However, the issue is that human speech is immensely diverse, making it difficult to create a single, standardised recipe for detecting hidden emotions. This work attempted to solve this research difficulty by combining a multilingual emotional dataset with building a more generalised and effective model for recognising human emotions. A two-step process was used to develop the model. The first stage involved the extraction of features, and the second stage involved the classification of the features that were extracted. ZCR, RMSE, and the renowned MFC coefficients were retrieved as features. Two proposed models, 1D CNN combined with LSTM and attention and a proprietary 2D CNN architecture, were used for classification. The outcomes demonstrated that the suggested 1D CNN with LSTM and attention performed better than the 2D CNN. For the EMO-DB, SAVEE, ANAD, and BAVED datasets, the model’s accuracy was 96.72%, 97.13%, 96.72%, and 88.39%, respectively. The model beat several earlier efforts on the same datasets, demonstrating the generality and efficacy of recognising multiple emotions from various languages.
Keywords
