Prevalence of ARVI, influenza, and COVID-19 pathogens in individuals without symptoms of respiratory infection

S. B. Yatsyshina; M. V. Mamoshina; M. A. Elkina; G. V. Sharukho; Yu. I. Raspopova; А. Ya. Folmer; K. A. Agapov; I. M. Vladimirov; O. V. Zubareva; I. S. Novikova; O. B. Bondareva; V. A. Gil; D. N. Kozlovskikh; S. V. Romanov; O. V. Dikonskaya; A. V. Ponomareva; I. V. Chistyakova; N. I. Kochneva; A. I. Yurovskikh; E. P. Kadnikova; A. S. Kilyachina; S. V. Luchinina; R. R. Kosareva; G. G. Chirkova; N. N. Valeullina; L. A. Lebedeva; T. N. Detkovskaya; E. I. Abbasova; O. B. Romanova; E. V. Pyatyrova; V. G. Akimkin

doi:10.36233/0372-9311-152

Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии (Sep 2021)

Prevalence of ARVI, influenza, and COVID-19 pathogens in individuals without symptoms of respiratory infection

S. B. Yatsyshina,
M. V. Mamoshina,
M. A. Elkina,
G. V. Sharukho,
Yu. I. Raspopova,
А. Ya. Folmer,
K. A. Agapov,
I. M. Vladimirov,
O. V. Zubareva,
I. S. Novikova,
O. B. Bondareva,
V. A. Gil,
D. N. Kozlovskikh,
S. V. Romanov,
O. V. Dikonskaya,
A. V. Ponomareva,
I. V. Chistyakova,
N. I. Kochneva,
A. I. Yurovskikh,
E. P. Kadnikova,
A. S. Kilyachina,
S. V. Luchinina,
R. R. Kosareva,
G. G. Chirkova,
N. N. Valeullina,
L. A. Lebedeva,
T. N. Detkovskaya,
E. I. Abbasova,
O. B. Romanova,
E. V. Pyatyrova,
V. G. Akimkin

Affiliations

S. B. Yatsyshina: Central Research Institute for Epidemiology
M. V. Mamoshina: Central Research Institute for Epidemiology
M. A. Elkina: Central Research Institute for Epidemiology
G. V. Sharukho: Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing
Yu. I. Raspopova: Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing
А. Ya. Folmer: Department of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing for Tyumen Region
K. A. Agapov: Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in Saint Petersburg
I. M. Vladimirov: Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in Saint Petersburg
O. V. Zubareva: Department of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing for Volgograd region
I. S. Novikova: Department of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing for Volgograd region
O. B. Bondareva: Department of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing for Volgograd region
V. A. Gil: Department of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing for Volgograd region
D. N. Kozlovskikh: Department of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing for Sverdlovsk Region
S. V. Romanov: Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Sverdlovsk Region
O. V. Dikonskaya: Department of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing for Sverdlovsk Region
A. V. Ponomareva: Department of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing for Sverdlovsk Region
I. V. Chistyakova: Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Sverdlovsk Region
N. I. Kochneva: Department of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing for Sverdlovsk Region
A. I. Yurovskikh: Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Sverdlovsk Region
E. P. Kadnikova: Department of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing for Sverdlovsk Region
A. S. Kilyachina: Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Sverdlovsk Region
S. V. Luchinina: Department of Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing for Chelyabinsk region
R. R. Kosareva: Department of Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing for Chelyabinsk region
G. G. Chirkova: Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Chelyabinsk region
N. N. Valeullina: Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Chelyabinsk region
L. A. Lebedeva: Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Khabarovsky Kray
T. N. Detkovskaya: Department of Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing for Primorsky Kray
E. I. Abbasova: Department of Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing for Primorsky Kray
O. B. Romanova: Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Primorsky Kray
E. V. Pyatyrova: Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Primorsky Kray
V. G. Akimkin: Central Research Institute for Epidemiology

DOI: https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-152
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 98, no. 4
pp. 383 – 396

Abstract

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Introduction. SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted by infected people without or with mild symptoms of acute respira-tory infection (ARI). Monitoring based on nucleic acid amplification techniques is used to measure the prevalence of ARI pathogens and to assess the effectiveness of preventive measures.The aim is to measure the prevalence of pathogens causing ARIs of viral etiology, influenza, and COVID-19 among individuals without ARI symptoms throughout age groups, to trace changes in the epidemic situation by weekly monitoring pathogens during the inter-epidemic period and at the beginning of a typical ARI epidemic season, to assess the effectiveness of medical masks for prevention of the above infections.Materials and methods. A total of 14,119 people (including 4,582 children) without ARI symptoms went through examination, including questionnaire surveys, in 26 regions of Russia from August to October 2020. Nasopharyn-geal and oropharyngeal swabs were tested by using AmpliSens ARVI-screen-FL, AmpliSens Influenza virus A/B-FL, and AmpliSens Cov-Bat-FL reagent kits (The Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor, Moscow).Results. 11.1% of the tested samples showed positive results; the rhinovirus prevailed (7.32%), while SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 1.66%. In autumn, the proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infected cases increased from 0.49% to 4.02% (p < 0.001). The SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentration was up to 1010 copies/mL.Conclusions. Differences in the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and rhinovirus among the age groups and over time were found and analyzed. Using of medical masks reduced the risk of infection with respiratory viruses and with SARS-CoV-2 by 51% and 34%, respectively. In case of prolonged exposure to a COVID-19 patient, healthy people must use a respirator for more effective protection. The individuals whose work was associated with a high level of social contacts were infected more rarely than other individuals in the same age group (p = 0.001); this fact supports the importance of anti-epidemic measures and commitment to their adherence by people whose profession entails frequent social contacts.

Published in Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии

ISSN: 0372-9311 (Print); 2686-7613 (Online)
Publisher: Central Research Institute for Epidemiology
Country of publisher: Russian Federation
LCC subjects: Science: Microbiology
Website: https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour

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